使用MAX485和PIC32MZ1024EFH064在通信技术领域保持领先

数据传输的变革：RS485收发器的魔力

已发布 6月 26, 2024

点击板

RS485 5 Click

开发板

PIC32MZ clicker

编译器

NECTO Studio

微控制器单元

PIC32MZ1024EFH064

此解决方案的核心目的是建立一个稳健的长距离网络，促进高效的数据交换。

硬件概览

它是如何工作的？

RS485 5 Click 基于 Analog Devices 的 MAX485，这是一款用于 RS-485 和 RS-422 通信的低功耗、速率限制的收发器，当未加载或完全加载且驱动器禁用时，其供电电流在 120µA 和 500µA 之间。所有部件都从单一的 5V 电源供电。驱动器具有短路电流限制，并通过热关断电路保护过度功耗，将驱动器输出置于高阻状态。接收器输入具有失效保护功能，确保如果输入开路，输出为逻辑高。MAX485 的转换速率没有限制，允许其以高达 2.5Mbps 的速度进行半双工通

信。通常，最大传输速度由总线长度决定，较长的总线线会导致较低的传输速度。RS485/422 线路应在其特性阻抗的两端终止，并且主线的分支长度应尽可能短，以最小化反射。RS-485/RS-422 标准涵盖最长 1220 米（4000 英尺）的线路长度。两种机制防止故障或总线争用引起的过大输出电流和功耗。输出级的折返电流限制在整个共模电压范围内提供对短路的即时保护。此外，如果温度过高，热关断电路将强制驱动器输出进入高阻态。板上有两个 2 极螺丝端子

（+、B、A、-）用于连接 RS422/485 总线双绞线电缆，以及 GND 和 VCC。标记为“A”和“B”的端子输入用于连接总线线。GND 和 VCC 导轨可用于为另一个节点提供电源。请注意，VCC 端子直接连接到 mikroBUS™ 的 5V 导轨。此 Click 板™ 仅能在 5V 逻辑电压水平下工作。在使用不同逻辑电平的 MCU 之前，必须进行适当的逻辑电压电平转换。此外，它还配备了一个包含功能和示例代码的库，可用作进一步开发的参考。

功能概述

开发板

PIC32MZ Clicker 是一款紧凑型入门开发板，它将 Click 板™的灵活性带给您喜爱的微控制器，使其成为实现您想法的完美入门套件。它配备了一款板载 32 位带有浮点单元的 Microchip PIC32MZ 微控制器，一个 USB 连接器，LED 指示灯，按钮，一个 mikroProg 连接器，以及一个用于与外部电子设备接口的头部。得益于其紧凑的设计和清晰易识别的丝网标记，它提供了流畅且沉浸式的工作体验，允许在任

何情况下、任何地方都能访问。PIC32MZ Clicker 开发套件的每个部分都包含了使同一板块运行最高效的必要组件。除了可以选择 PIC32MZ Clicker 的编程方式，使用 USB HID mikroBootloader 或通过外部 mikroProg 连接器为 PIC，dsPIC 或 PIC32 编程外，Clicker 板还包括一个干净且调节过的开发套件电源供应模块。USB Micro-B 连接可以提供多达 500mA 的电流，这足以操作所有板载和附加模块。所有

mikroBUS™ 本身支持的通信方法都在这块板上，包括已经建立良好的 mikroBUS™ 插槽、重置按钮以及若干按钮和 LED 指示灯。PIC32MZ Clicker 是 Mikroe 生态系统的一个组成部分，允许您在几分钟内创建新的应用程序。它由 Mikroe 软件工具原生支持，得益于大量不同的 Click 板™（超过一千块板），其数量每天都在增长，它涵盖了原型制作的许多方面。

微控制器概述

MCU卡片 / MCU

建筑

PIC32

MCU 内存 (KB)

1024

硅供应商

Microchip

引脚数

RAM (字节)

524288

使用的MCU引脚

mikroBUS™映射器

Receiver Output

RE5

RST

Drive Output

RG9

SCK

MISO

MOSI

3.3V

Ground

GND

PWM

INT

UART TX

RB2

UART RX

RB0

SCL

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

“仔细看看！”

Click board™ 原理图

一步一步来

项目组装

PIC32MZ clicker front image hardware assembly

从选择您的开发板和Click板™开始。以PIC32MZ clicker作为您的开发板开始。

GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly

GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly

Micro B Connector Clicker Access - upright/background hardware assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly

Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly

Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

实时跟踪您的结果

应用程序输出

1. 应用程序输出 - 在调试模式下，“应用程序输出”窗口支持实时数据监控，直接提供执行结果的可视化。请按照提供的教程正确配置环境，以确保数据正确显示。

2. UART 终端 - 使用UART Terminal通过USB to UART converter监视数据传输，实现Click board™与开发系统之间的直接通信。请根据项目需求配置波特率和其他串行设置，以确保正常运行。有关分步设置说明，请参考提供的教程。

3. Plot 输出 - Plot功能提供了一种强大的方式来可视化实时传感器数据，使趋势分析、调试和多个数据点的对比变得更加直观。要正确设置，请按照提供的教程，其中包含使用Plot功能显示Click board™读数的分步示例。在代码中使用Plot功能时，请使用以下函数：plot(insert_graph_name, variable_name);。这是一个通用格式，用户需要将“insert_graph_name”替换为实际图表名称，并将“variable_name”替换为要显示的参数。

软件支持

库描述

该库包含 RS485 5 Click 驱动程序的 API。

关键功能：

rs4855_generic_write - 通用写入功能。
rs4855_set_de_state - 设置 DE 引脚为高电平或低电平状态。
rs4855_set_re_state - 设置 RE 引脚为高电平或低电平状态。

开源

代码示例

完整的应用程序代码和一个现成的项目可以通过NECTO Studio包管理器直接安装到NECTO Studio。应用程序代码也可以在MIKROE的GitHub账户中找到。

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Rs4855 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example reads and processes data from RS485 5 clicks.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and enables the selected mode.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Depending on the selected mode, it reads all the received data or sends the desired message
 * every 2 seconds.
 * 
 * ## Additional Function
 * - rs4855_process ( ) - The general process of collecting the received data.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "rs4855.h"
#include "string.h"

#define PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 500

#define TEXT_TO_SEND "MikroE\r\n"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

#define DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
// #define DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER

static rs4855_t rs4855;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

static void rs4855_process ( void )
{
    int32_t rsp_size;
    
    char uart_rx_buffer[ PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE ] = { 0 };
    uint8_t check_buf_cnt;
    
    rsp_size = rs4855_generic_read( &rs4855, uart_rx_buffer, PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE );

    if ( rsp_size >= strlen( TEXT_TO_SEND ) )
    {  
        log_printf( &logger, "Received data: " );
        
        for ( check_buf_cnt = 0; check_buf_cnt < rsp_size; check_buf_cnt++ )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "%c", uart_rx_buffer[ check_buf_cnt ] );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 100 );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    rs4855_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    rs4855_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    RS4855_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    rs4855_init( &rs4855, &cfg );

    Delay_ms ( 100 );

#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Receiver mode ----" );
#endif    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Transmitter mode ----" );
#endif    
}

void application_task ( void )
{
#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_process( );
#endif    
    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_generic_write( &rs4855, TEXT_TO_SEND, 8 );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Data sent ----" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
#endif    
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Rs4855 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example reads and processes data from RS485 5 clicks.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and enables the selected mode.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Depending on the selected mode, it reads all the received data or sends the desired message
 * every 2 seconds.
 * 
 * ## Additional Function
 * - rs4855_process ( ) - The general process of collecting the received data.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "rs4855.h"
#include "string.h"

#define PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 500

#define TEXT_TO_SEND "MikroE\r\n"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

#define DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
// #define DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER

static rs4855_t rs4855;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

static void rs4855_process ( void )
{
    int32_t rsp_size;
    
    char uart_rx_buffer[ PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE ] = { 0 };
    uint8_t check_buf_cnt;
    
    rsp_size = rs4855_generic_read( &rs4855, uart_rx_buffer, PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE );

    if ( rsp_size >= strlen( TEXT_TO_SEND ) )
    {  
        log_printf( &logger, "Received data: " );
        
        for ( check_buf_cnt = 0; check_buf_cnt < rsp_size; check_buf_cnt++ )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "%c", uart_rx_buffer[ check_buf_cnt ] );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 100 );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    rs4855_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    rs4855_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    RS4855_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    rs4855_init( &rs4855, &cfg );

    Delay_ms ( 100 );

#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Receiver mode ----" );
#endif    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Transmitter mode ----" );
#endif    
}

void application_task ( void )
{
#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_process( );
#endif    
    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_generic_write( &rs4855, TEXT_TO_SEND, 8 );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Data sent ----" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
#endif    
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Rs4855 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example reads and processes data from RS485 5 clicks.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and enables the selected mode.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Depending on the selected mode, it reads all the received data or sends the desired message
 * every 2 seconds.
 * 
 * ## Additional Function
 * - rs4855_process ( ) - The general process of collecting the received data.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "rs4855.h"
#include "string.h"

#define PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 500

#define TEXT_TO_SEND "MikroE\r\n"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

#define DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
// #define DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER

static rs4855_t rs4855;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

static void rs4855_process ( void )
{
    int32_t rsp_size;
    
    char uart_rx_buffer[ PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE ] = { 0 };
    uint8_t check_buf_cnt;
    
    rsp_size = rs4855_generic_read( &rs4855, uart_rx_buffer, PROCESS_RX_BUFFER_SIZE );

    if ( rsp_size >= strlen( TEXT_TO_SEND ) )
    {  
        log_printf( &logger, "Received data: " );
        
        for ( check_buf_cnt = 0; check_buf_cnt < rsp_size; check_buf_cnt++ )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "%c", uart_rx_buffer[ check_buf_cnt ] );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 100 );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    rs4855_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    rs4855_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    RS4855_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    rs4855_init( &rs4855, &cfg );

    Delay_ms ( 100 );

#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_LOW );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Receiver mode ----" );
#endif    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_set_re_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    rs4855_set_de_state( &rs4855, RS4855_PIN_STATE_HIGH );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Transmitter mode ----" );
#endif    
}

void application_task ( void )
{
#ifdef DEMO_APP_RECEIVER
    rs4855_process( );
#endif    
    
#ifdef DEMO_APP_TRANSMITTER
    rs4855_generic_write( &rs4855, TEXT_TO_SEND, 8 );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Data sent ----" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
#endif    
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END