Simplify data representation with a 10-segment bar graph based on XGURUGX10D and STM32F091RC

BarGraph 2 Click is based on three 74HC595, 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift registers with output latches from Texas Instruments to drive the XGURUGX10D, a 10-segment bar graph array, from SunLED. The 74HC595 ICs are comprised of a D-type internal storage register and the serial-to-parallel shift register, both 8-bit wide. Each of these registers has its own clock line, making it possible to clock in the desired data and then clock it out to the parallel output pins. The XGURUGX10D bar graph LED array has 10 dual-color segments. Each segment contains red and green LED, thus having two anodes and one cathode per segment. This results in having 20 LED anodes and 10 LED cathodes, in total. The XGURUGX10D bar graph display is connected as a common cathode type display, meaning that all LED cathodes are routed to a single point. The LED cathode line is connected to the drain of the N channel MOSFET, while its source is connected to the GND. Driving this MOSFET via its gate through the PWM pin of the mikroBUS™ allows dimming of the LED segments. By changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal, it is possible to change the brightness of the XGURUGX10D bar graph display. The Click board™ communicates

with the host MCU via the SPI interface, routed to the mikroBUS™ MOSI, MISO and SCK pins, labeled as SDI, SDO and SCK on this Click board™, respectively. Three bytes of information (24 bits in total) are pushed through the serial data input pin (DS) of the first 74HC595 IC, routed to the SDI pin. The 74HC595 construction is such that after receiving 8 bits, clocking in one more bit will shift the existing 8 bits by one place, overflowing the last bit to the Q7S output pin, shifting it out that way. Since the Q7S of the first 74HC595 is connected to the DS pin of the second 74HC595 (and the Q7S of the second IC is connected to the DS pin of the third 74HC595 IC), clocking in 24 bits to the first 74HC595 IC will fill up all three ICs. It is worth mentioning that the Q7S of the last 74HC595 IC is routed to the MISO pin of the mikroBUS™, labeled as the SDO, allowing connection of multiple devices in cascade, building more complex setups. Adding more devices in cascade would require more 8bit words to be clocked in the first 74HC595 IC. The first 10 bits are used to control all the green LEDs of the segments. The second 10 bits are used to control all the red LEDs of the segments. Since the MCU usually clocks out no less than 8 bits through the

SPI per cycle, the last 4 bits of the total of 24 bits, are disregarded. When the data has been clocked in, the SPI clock should stop and the CS pin should be driven to a HIGH logic level. The CS pin of the mikroBUS™ is routed to the STCP pin of the 74HC595 ICs, and it is labeled as LT. A rising edge on the STCP input pins of the 74HC595 ICs will latch the data from their internal storage registers to the output pins, polarizing the connected bar graph segment anodes. The STCP pin is pulled to a LOW logic level by the onboard resistor. The #MR pin is used to clear the data in the internal storage register of the ICs. The LOW logic level on this pin will clear the content of this storage register, but it will not turn off the outputs which are already activated. The #MR pin is routed to the RST pin of the mikroBUS™, labeled as MR and it is pulled to a HIGH logic level by the onboard resistor. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin

headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is

provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.