Beginner
10 min

Provide clear, audible alerts in various settings with EPT-14A4005P and STM32L021K4

Buzz to the future: Piezo speakers in next-gen audio signaling

BUZZ Click with UNI-DS v8

Published Feb 12, 2024

Click board™

BUZZ Click

Development board

UNI-DS v8

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32L021K4

Versatile and compact solution for adding audio signalization features to various electronic applications, catering to the needs of developers and engineers in different fields

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Buzz Click is based on the EPT-14A4005P, a piezoelectric transducer from Sanco Electronics. It uses a DC voltage to produce an audio signal while drawing a maximum current of 2mA from a wide operating voltage, in this case, 3.3V or 5V. As its name suggests, a piezo buzzer’s core comprises the piezoelectric ceramic element and a metal plate held together by an adhesive. When a DC is passed through, the piezoceramic element contracts and expands, which causes a vibration that produces sound waves. The buzzer has a resonant frequency of 4000Hz, at which the

buzzer vibrates, thus making a sound. The buzzer is 13.8x6.8mm in dimensions, and besides this Click board™, it can be bought separately from MIKROE. The onboard buzzer driver can be controlled by either a digital GPI pin or a PWM line of a mikroBUS™ socket. Users can create a sound using the Sound library supported in MIKROE compilers or utilize the microcontroller’s internal PWM module to generate the signal for the buzzer. Signal frequency determines the sound pitch, and the duty cycle determines the amplitude (sound volume). Both GPI and PWM lines are connected to

the buzzer by default. The user can separate one of the lines by removing the corresponding jumper (J2 or J3). This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the PWR SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

BUZZ Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

UNI-DS v8 is a development board specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports a wide range of microcontrollers, such as different STM32, Kinetis, TIVA, CEC, MSP, PIC, dsPIC, PIC32, and AVR MCUs regardless of their number of pins, and a broad set of unique functions, such as the first-ever embedded debugger/programmer over WiFi. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others, in one place. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology, UNI-DS v8 provides a fluid and immersive working experience, allowing access anywhere and under any

circumstances at any time. Each part of the UNI-DS v8 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An advanced integrated CODEGRIP programmer/debugger module offers many valuable programming/debugging options, including support for JTAG, SWD, and SWO Trace (Single Wire Output)), and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment. Besides, it also includes a clean and regulated power supply module for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including a battery, an external 12V power supply, and a power source via the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. Communication options such as USB-UART, USB

HOST/DEVICE, CAN (on the MCU card, if supported), and Ethernet is also included. In addition, it also has the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, a standardized socket for the MCU card (SiBRAIN standard), and two display options for the TFT board line of products and character-based LCD. UNI-DS v8 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

UNI-DS v8 horizontal image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Type

8th Generation

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

16

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

32

RAM (Bytes)

2048

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
Digital Control Signal
PA1
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
PWM Control Signal
PB0
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Schematic

BUZZ Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Fusion for PIC v8 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the UNI-DS v8 as your development board.

Fusion for PIC v8 front image hardware assembly
Buck 22 Click front image hardware assembly
SiBRAIN for PIC32MZ1024EFK144 front image hardware assembly
v8 SiBRAIN MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
NECTO Compiler Selection Step Image hardware assembly
NECTO Output Selection Step Image hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Necto image step 7 hardware assembly
Necto image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Necto PreFlash Image hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

After pressing the "FLASH" button on the left-side panel, it is necessary to open the UART terminal to display the achieved results. By clicking on the Tools icon in the right-hand panel, multiple different functions are displayed, among which is the UART Terminal. Click on the offered "UART Terminal" icon.

UART Application Output Step 1

Once the UART terminal is opened, the window takes on a new form. At the top of the tab are two buttons, one for adjusting the parameters of the UART terminal and the other for connecting the UART terminal. The tab's lower part is reserved for displaying the achieved results. Before connecting, the terminal has a Disconnected status, indicating that the terminal is not yet active. Before connecting, it is necessary to check the set parameters of the UART terminal. Click on the "OPTIONS" button.

UART Application Output Step 2

In the newly opened UART Terminal Options field, we check if the terminal settings are correct, such as the set port and the Baud rate of UART communication. If the data is not displayed properly, it is possible that the Baud rate value is not set correctly and needs to be adjusted to 115200. If all the parameters are set correctly, click on "CONFIGURE".

UART Application Output Step 3

The next step is to click on the "CONNECT" button, after which the terminal status changes from Disconnected to Connected in green, and the data is displayed in the Received data field.

UART Application Output Step 4

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for BUZZ Click driver.

Key functions:

  • buzz_set_duty_cycle - This function sets the PWM duty cycle in percentages ( Range[ 0..1 ])

  • buzz_pwm_stop - This function stops the PWM moudle output

  • buzz_pwm_start - This function starts the PWM moudle output

  • buzz_play_sound - This function plays sound on buzzer

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief BUZZ Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Buzz click boards.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and logger.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Plays the Imperial March melody. Also logs an appropriate message on the USB UART.
 * 
 * ## Additional Functions
 * imperial_march( void ) - this function plays the Imperial March melody.
 * 
 * @note
 * The minimal PWM Clock frequency required for this example is the frequency of tone C6 - 1047 Hz. 
 * So, in order to run this example and play all tones correctly, the user will need to decrease 
 * the MCU's main clock frequency in MCU Settings for the certain architectures
 * in order to get the required PWM clock frequency.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "buzz.h"

#define W 4*Q // Whole 4/4 - 4 Beats
#define H 2*Q // Half 2/4 - 2 Beats 
#define Q 250 // Quarter 1/4 - 1 Beat
#define E Q/2 // Eighth 1/8 - 1/2 Beat
#define S Q/4 // Sixteenth 1/16 - 1/4 Beat

#define VOLUME 100 // goes up to 1000

static buzz_t buzz;
static log_t logger;

static void imperial_march( ) {
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_G7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Gb7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Bb6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Eb7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_D7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Db7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_B6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_G7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Gb7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Bb6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Eb7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_D7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Db7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_B6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    buzz_play_sound( &buzz, BUZZ_NOTE_Ab6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
}


void application_init ( void ) {
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    buzz_cfg_t buzz_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.

    buzz_cfg_setup( &buzz_cfg );
    BUZZ_MAP_MIKROBUS( buzz_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    err_t init_flag  = buzz_init( &buzz, &buzz_cfg );
    if ( init_flag == PWM_ERROR ) {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );

        for ( ; ; );
    }

    buzz_set_duty_cycle ( &buzz, 0.0 );
    buzz_pwm_start( &buzz );

    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) {
    log_printf( &logger, "Playing the Imperial March melody ...\r\n" );
    imperial_march( ); 
    Delay_ms( 10000 );
}

void main ( void )  {
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; ) {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

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