Create simple sounds including beeps and buzzers with PAM8906 and ATmega324P

Piezoelectric sounder

Published Dec 10, 2023

Click board™

Piezo Driver Click

Dev. board

EasyAVR v7

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega324P

Convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations and produce audible sound waves

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Piezo Driver Click is based on the PAM8906, a piezo sounder driver with self-excitation mode from Diodes Incorporated. It features automatic shutdown and wake-up control, low operating current, very short turn ON/OFF, over-voltage protection, over-current protection, and more. This driver operates with an external PWM input. It can drive a two-terminal or three-terminal piezo sounder, and selection can be made over the

TERMINAL SEL jumper. The piezo sounder can be connected over the 3-pin screw terminal, labeled differently for both available options. In addition, you can use VOUT to power up the piezo sounder. Piezo Driver Click uses a PWM input pin to communicate with the host MCU. The PWM input will be amplified and driven to the output terminal if used as an external PWM control. It can also be used for automatic wake-up and shutdown

control. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Piezo Driver Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

EasyAVR v7 is the seventh generation of AVR development boards specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports a wide range of 16-bit AVR microcontrollers from Microchip and has a broad set of unique functions, such as a powerful onboard mikroProg programmer and In-Circuit debugger over USB. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements in one place, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others. With four different connectors for each port, EasyAVR v7 allows you to connect accessory boards, sensors, and custom electronics more

efficiently than ever. Each part of the EasyAVR v7 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An integrated mikroProg, a fast USB 2.0 programmer with mikroICD hardware In-Circuit Debugger, offers many valuable programming/debugging options and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment. Besides it also includes a clean and regulated power supply block for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including an external 12V power supply, 7-12V AC or 9-15V DC via DC connector/screw terminals, and a power source via the USB Type-B (USB-B)

connector. Communication options such as USB-UART and RS-232 are also included, alongside the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, three display options (7-segment, graphical, and character-based LCD), and several different DIP sockets which cover a wide range of 16-bit AVR MCUs. EasyAVR v7 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

RAM (Bytes)

2048

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

RST

ID COMM

PA5

SCK

MISO

MOSI

Power Supply

3.3V

Ground

GND

PWM Control

PD4

PWM

INT

SCL

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

EasyAVR v7 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the EasyAVR v7 as your development board.

NECTO Output Selection Step Image hardware assembly

In the advanced settings, pay special attention to the Redirect standard output field. By default, it is set to Application output as the method of displaying final results. To show results via a UART terminal, select the “UART” option in that field and click the “SAVE” button. You will be returned to the Compiler field, and now you can move on to the next step by pressing the “NEXT” button.

GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly

GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly

EasyAVR v7 Access DIP MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly

NECTO Compiler Selection Step Image hardware assembly

Necto DIP image step 7 hardware assembly

EasyPIC PRO v7a Display Selection Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Piezo Driver Click driver.

Key functions:

piezodriver_pwm_stop - Piezo Driver stop PWM module.
piezodriver_pwm_start - Piezo Driver start PWM module.
piezodriver_play_sound - Piezo Driver play sound function.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Piezo Driver Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Piezo Driver Click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and logger.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Plays the Imperial March melody. Also logs an appropriate message on the USB UART.
 *
 * @note
 * The minimal PWM Clock frequency required for this example is the frequency of tone C6 - 1047 Hz. 
 * In order to run this example and play all tones correctly, the user will need to decrease 
 * the MCU's main clock frequency in MCU Settings for certain architectures
 * in order to get the required PWM clock frequency.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "piezodriver.h"

static piezodriver_t piezodriver;
static log_t logger;

#define W           4*Q       // Whole 4/4 - 4 Beats
#define H           2*Q       // Half 2/4 - 2 Beats 
#define Q           250       // Quarter 1/4 - 1 Beat
#define E           Q/2       // Eighth 1/8 - 1/2 Beat
#define S           Q/4       // Sixteenth 1/16 - 1/4 Beat

#define VOLUME      100 

/**
 * @brief Piezo Driver play Imperial march function.
 * @details This function is used to play Imperial march on the buzzer.
 * @return Nothing.
 * @note None.
 */
static void imperial_march( );

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    piezodriver_cfg_t piezodriver_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    piezodriver_cfg_setup( &piezodriver_cfg );
    PIEZODRIVER_MAP_MIKROBUS( piezodriver_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( PWM_ERROR == piezodriver_init( &piezodriver, &piezodriver_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( PIEZODRIVER_ERROR == piezodriver_default_cfg ( &piezodriver ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    log_printf( &logger, "Playing the Imperial March melody ...\r\n" );
    imperial_march( ); 
    Delay_ms( 10000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

static void imperial_march( ) 
{
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_G7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_GB7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_BB6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_EB7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_D7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_DB7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_B6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_G7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_GB7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_E7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_BB6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_EB7, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_D7, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_DB7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_B6, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_A6, VOLUME, Q );
    Delay_ms( 1 + Q );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_F6, VOLUME, E + S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + E + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_C7, VOLUME, S );
    Delay_ms( 1 + S );
    piezodriver_play_sound(&piezodriver, PIEZODRIVER_NOTE_AB6, VOLUME, H );
    Delay_ms( 1 + H );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END