Intermediate
30 min

Build overvoltage protection for Li-Ion batteries with BQ29200 and MK64FN1M0VDC12

Safeguarding your Lithium-Ion battery

Balancer 3 Click with Clicker 2 for Kinetis

Published Jul 01, 2023

Click board™

Balancer 3 Click

Dev Board

Clicker 2 for Kinetis

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

MK64FN1M0VDC12

Ensure the utmost safety and protection of your battery against voltage spikes and surges

A

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Balancer 3 Click is based on the BQ29200, voltage protection with automatic cell balance for 2-series cell Li-Ion batteries from Texas Instruments. It includes all necessary components for the BQ29200 to ensure the proper functionality of the Click board™ and maintain the monitoring precision. Balancer 3 Click has two separate onboard battery connectors and an output voltage screw terminal to ensure the straightforward connecting of peripheries and, therefore, ease of use. The BQ29200 can operate in two different modes: internal cell balancing mode and external cell balancing mode. When internal cell balancing mode is used, the BQ29200 can handle up to 15 mA of balancing current. Although it is enough for many use cases, this Click board™

operates in external cell balancing mode, in which the external MOSFETs are used to regulate the balancing current. More precisely, one N-type MOSFET is wired between the positive and middle points of the batteries, and one P-type MOSFETs is wired between the middle point of the batteries and the ground. Resistor R3 is connected in series between the batteries and the middle point of the MOSFETS and therefore limits the maximum balancing current, which is by default about 350mA. The voltage of each cell in a 2-series cell battery pack is compared to an internal reference voltage. If either cell reaches an overvoltage condition, the BQ29200 device starts a timer that provides a delay proportional to the capacitance on the CD pin. Upon expiration of the internal

timer, the OUT pin changes from a low to a high state. Therefore, the OUT pin from the bq29200 is connected to the INT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, enabling the user to write the desired interrupt routine in case of battery overvoltage, as well as turn off the device, using the CS pin of the mikroBUS™. This Click board™ can only be operated with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Balancer 3 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Clicker 2 for Kinetis is a compact starter development board that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, the MK64FN1M0VDC12 from NXP Semiconductors, two mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, a USB connector, LED indicators, buttons, a JTAG programmer connector, and two 26-pin headers for interfacing with external electronics. Its compact design with clear and easily recognizable silkscreen markings allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and

features quickly. Each part of the Clicker 2 for Kinetis development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition to the possibility of choosing the Clicker 2 for Kinetis programming method, using a USB HID mikroBootloader or an external mikroProg connector for Kinetis programmer, the Clicker 2 board also includes a clean and regulated power supply module for the development kit. It provides two ways of board-powering; through the USB Micro-B cable, where onboard voltage regulators provide the appropriate voltage levels to each component on the board, or

using a Li-Polymer battery via an onboard battery connector. All communication methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, reset button, and several user-configurable buttons and LED indicators. Clicker 2 for Kinetis is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem, allowing you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Clicker 2 for Kinetis dimensions image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M4

MCU Memory (KB)

1024

Silicon Vendor

NXP

Pin count

121

RAM (Bytes)

262144

You complete me!

Accessories

Li-Polymer Battery is the ideal solution for devices that demand a dependable and long-lasting power supply while emphasizing mobility. Its compatibility with mikromedia boards ensures easy integration without additional modifications. With a voltage output of 3.7V, the battery meets the standard requirements of many electronic devices. Additionally, boasting a capacity of 2000mAh, it can store a substantial amount of energy, providing sustained power for extended periods. This feature minimizes the need for frequent recharging or replacement. Overall, the Li-Polymer Battery is a reliable and autonomous power source, ideally suited for devices requiring a stable and enduring energy solution. You can find a more extensive choice of Li-Polymer batteries in our offer.

Balancer 3 Click accessories image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
Enable
PC4
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
PB13
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Balancer 3 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Clicker 2 for Kinetis as your development board.

Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Micro B Connector Clicker 2 Access - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

This Click board can be interfaced and monitored in two ways:

  • Application Output - Use the "Application Output" window in Debug mode for real-time data monitoring. Set it up properly by following this tutorial.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Balancer 3 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • balancer3_enable_cell_balance - Cell Balance Enable function

  • balancer3_check_overvoltage_cond - Overvoltage Condition Check function

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Balancer 3 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application is device for 2-series cell lithium-ion battery.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes device coummunication and enables cell balancing.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Checks if overvoltage is occured and disables cell balancing. 
 * If overvoltage doesn't occur it enables cell balancing.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "balancer3.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static balancer3_t balancer3;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    balancer3_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    balancer3_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    BALANCER3_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    balancer3_init( &balancer3, &cfg );
         
    balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_EN );
    log_printf( &logger, "* Normal operation - Cell balance enabled *\r\n" );
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    static uint8_t old_ov_state = 0;
    uint8_t ov_state = balancer3_check_overvoltage( &balancer3 );
    if ( old_ov_state != ov_state )
    {
        old_ov_state = ov_state;
        if ( BALANCER3_OV_COND_NOT_DETECTED == ov_state )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "* Normal operation - Cell balance enabled *\r\n" );
            balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_EN );
        }
        else
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "* Overvoltage condition - Cell balance disabled * \r\n" );
            balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_DIS );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Balancer 3 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application is device for 2-series cell lithium-ion battery.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes device coummunication and enables cell balancing.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Checks if overvoltage is occured and disables cell balancing. 
 * If overvoltage doesn't occur it enables cell balancing.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "balancer3.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static balancer3_t balancer3;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    balancer3_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    balancer3_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    BALANCER3_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    balancer3_init( &balancer3, &cfg );
         
    balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_EN );
    log_printf( &logger, "* Normal operation - Cell balance enabled *\r\n" );
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    static uint8_t old_ov_state = 0;
    uint8_t ov_state = balancer3_check_overvoltage( &balancer3 );
    if ( old_ov_state != ov_state )
    {
        old_ov_state = ov_state;
        if ( BALANCER3_OV_COND_NOT_DETECTED == ov_state )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "* Normal operation - Cell balance enabled *\r\n" );
            balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_EN );
        }
        else
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "* Overvoltage condition - Cell balance disabled * \r\n" );
            balancer3_enable_cell_balance( &balancer3, BALANCER3_CELL_BALANCE_DIS );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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