Intermediate
30 min

Discover streamlined I/O expansion and data management with TCAL6416 and MK64FN1M0VDC12

I/O unleashed: Effortless expansion, limitless power!

Expand 15 Click with Clicker 2 for Kinetis

Published Oct 07, 2023

Click board™

Expand 15 Click

Dev Board

Clicker 2 for Kinetis

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

MK64FN1M0VDC12

Optimize the efficiency of your control systems and smart solutions with our multi-port I/O expander, enabling precise input and output management for data regulation and energy conservation

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Expand 15 Click is based on the TCAL6416, a general-purpose I/O expander from Texas Instruments. The TCAL6416 comes in one P-port configuration and allows easy addition of I/O through a standard I2C serial interface. Its digital core consists of 8-bit data registers, allowing users to configure the I/O port characteristics. The I/Os are configured as inputs at Power-On or after a Reset condition. However, the host controller can configure the I/Os as either inputs or outputs by writing to the Configuration registers. The data for each input or output is kept in the corresponding Input Port or Output Port register, with the possibility to invert the polarity of the Input Port with the Polarity Inversion register. The P-port channels configured as outputs can sink up to 25mA for directly driving LEDs, but the current

must be limited externally with additional resistance. Additionally, the TCAL6416 has Agile I/O functionality specifically targeted to enhance the I/O ports, including programmable output drive strength, programmable pull-up and pull-down resistors, latchable inputs, maskable interrupts, interrupt status register, and programmable open-drain or push-pull outputs. These configuration registers improve the I/O by increasing flexibility and allowing users to optimize their design for power consumption, speed, and EMI. This Click board™ communicates with MCU using the standard I2C 2-Wire interface to read data and configure settings with a maximum frequency of 1MHz. Also, the TCAL6416 allows choosing the least significant bits (LSB) of its I2C slave address using the SMD jumper labeled ADDR SEL. It also

possesses a general reset signal routed on the RST pin of the mikroBUS™ socket to reset the TCAL6416 and an additional interrupt signal routed on the INT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket whenever an input port changes state. This Click board™ can only be operated with a 3.3V logic voltage level. Additionally, there is a possibility for the TCAL6416 power supply selection via jumper labeled VCCP SEL to supply the TCAL6416 from 1.08V to 3.6V external power supply (V pin) or with 3V3 mikroBUS™ power rail. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Expand 15 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Clicker 2 for Kinetis is a compact starter development board that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, the MK64FN1M0VDC12 from NXP Semiconductors, two mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, a USB connector, LED indicators, buttons, a JTAG programmer connector, and two 26-pin headers for interfacing with external electronics. Its compact design with clear and easily recognizable silkscreen markings allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and

features quickly. Each part of the Clicker 2 for Kinetis development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition to the possibility of choosing the Clicker 2 for Kinetis programming method, using a USB HID mikroBootloader or an external mikroProg connector for Kinetis programmer, the Clicker 2 board also includes a clean and regulated power supply module for the development kit. It provides two ways of board-powering; through the USB Micro-B cable, where onboard voltage regulators provide the appropriate voltage levels to each component on the board, or

using a Li-Polymer battery via an onboard battery connector. All communication methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, reset button, and several user-configurable buttons and LED indicators. Clicker 2 for Kinetis is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem, allowing you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Clicker 2 for Kinetis dimensions image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M4

MCU Memory (KB)

1024

Silicon Vendor

NXP

Pin count

121

RAM (Bytes)

262144

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
Reset
PB11
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
PB13
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PD8
SCL
I2C Data
PD9
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Expand 15 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Clicker 2 for Kinetis as your development board.

Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Micro B Connector Clicker 2 Access - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Expand 15 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • expand15_hw_reset - Expand 15 hardware reset function

  • expand15_get_in_pin_state - Expand 15 get input pin state function

  • expand15_set_out_pin_state - Expand 15 set output pin state function

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Expand 15 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Expand 15 click board by setting and reading 
 * the ports state.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets 
 * half of the port 0 and port 1 pins as output ( P00, P02, P04, P06, P10, P12, P14 and P16) and the 
 * half of the port 0 and port 1 pins as inputs ( P01, P03, P05, P07, P11, P13, P15 and P17).
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Sets the state of the output pins of one port and then reads the status of input pins of that port
 * and displays the results on the USB UART approximately 2 seconds.
 *
 * @note
 * In order for this example to work as intended it is necessary to connect the input and output pins 
 * eg. P00 and P01, P02 and P03 etc. Floating input pins will be shown as a high state.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "expand15.h"

static expand15_t expand15;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    expand15_cfg_t expand15_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    expand15_cfg_setup( &expand15_cfg );
    EXPAND15_MAP_MIKROBUS( expand15_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == expand15_init( &expand15, &expand15_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( EXPAND15_ERROR == expand15_default_cfg ( &expand15 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
    log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \r\n" );
    
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t output_pin_state;
    uint8_t input_pin_state;
    
    // Setting port0 output pin ( P00, P02, P04 and P06 ) to high
    output_pin_state = EXPAND15_PIN_00_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_02_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_04_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_06_MASK;
    expand15_set_out_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_0, output_pin_state );
    Delay_ms( 10 );
    
    // Checking state of the input pins on port0
    expand15_get_in_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_0, &input_pin_state );
    log_printf( &logger, "OUTPUT PINS HIGH \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "INPUT PINS |" );
    log_printf( &logger, " P01 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_01_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P03 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_03_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P05 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_05_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P07 : %c \r\n", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_07_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    Delay_ms( 500 );
    
    // Setting port0 output pin ( P00, P02, P04 and P06 ) to low
    output_pin_state = EXPAND15_ALL_PINS_OFF;
    expand15_set_out_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_0, output_pin_state );
    Delay_ms( 10 );
    
    // Checking state of the input pins on port0
    expand15_get_in_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_0, &input_pin_state );
    log_printf( &logger, "OUTPUT PINS LOW \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "INPUT PINS |" );
    log_printf( &logger, " P01 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_01_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P03 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_03_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P05 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_05_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P07 : %c \r\n", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_07_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 2000 );
    
    // Setting port1 output pin ( P10, P12, P14 and P01 ) to high
    output_pin_state = EXPAND15_PIN_10_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_12_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_14_MASK | EXPAND15_PIN_16_MASK;
    expand15_set_out_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_1, output_pin_state );
    Delay_ms( 10 );
    
    // Checking state of the input pins on port1
    expand15_get_in_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_1, &input_pin_state );
    log_printf( &logger, "OUTPUT PINS HIGH \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "INPUT PINS |" );
    log_printf( &logger, " P11 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_11_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P13 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_13_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P15 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_15_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P17 : %c \r\n", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_17_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    Delay_ms( 500 );
    
    // Setting port1 output pin ( P10, P12, P14 and P16 ) to low
    output_pin_state = EXPAND15_ALL_PINS_OFF;
    expand15_set_out_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_1, output_pin_state );
    Delay_ms( 10 );
    
    // Checking state of the input pins on port1
    expand15_get_in_pin_state( &expand15, EXPAND15_PORT_1, &input_pin_state );
    log_printf( &logger, "OUTPUT PINS LOW \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "INPUT PINS |" );
    log_printf( &logger, " P11 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_11_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P13 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_13_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P15 : %c |", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_15_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, " P17 : %c \r\n", ( ( input_pin_state & EXPAND15_PIN_17_MASK ) ? 'H' : 'L' ) );
    log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 2000 );
}

void main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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