Improve data storage, speed, and reliability with CY15B108Q and PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Excelon-LP Click is based on the CY15B108Q, a serial ferroelectric (FRAM) module with 8Mbit density made by Infineon. It contains 1024 KB of available memory space. This memory module is manufactured using ferroelectric technology, which has many advantages over conventional technologies for manufacturing conventional EEPROM and FLASH memory modules. Ferroelectric technology is still being developed and perfected, but the main advantages have already been demonstrated. This technology exploits the properties of ferroelectric materials to retain the electric field after exposure, the same way the ferromagnetic materials retain the magnetic field. This phenomenon is employed to polarize the FRAM cells and store the information. One area that still needs improvement is the thermal instability, especially at high temperatures. When the ferroelectric material reaches the Curie temperature, its properties are degraded. Therefore, exposure to high temperatures might damage the content of the FRAM module. This is illustrated by the data retention period in the datasheet: while working at 85˚C, the data retention period is reduced to 10 years. At 65˚C, the data retention period is over 150 years. Still, combined with the endurance of 1014 read/write cycles at bus write speed, this type of memory still represents an ideal solution for applications that must do frequent writing to the non-volatile memory locations. Excelon LP click uses the SPI communication protocol, allowing fast serial clock rates. The device employs certain protection mechanisms to ensure reliable data

transactions and avoid accidental writing to the memory array. The WEL bit must be set before writing any data to the IC, which modifies registers or the array itself. This bit is cleared after or during every memory modification instruction. Therefore, every memory modification instruction must be prefixed with the Write Enable (WREN) instruction that sets this bit to 1. This mechanism ensures that only the intended write instruction will be executed. The host MCU initiates Communication with the device, which drives the chip select pin (#CS on the schematic) to a LOW logic level. This pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ CS pin. The next byte of information can be either command or data. Usually, the first byte is the instruction (command) followed by the memory address. Depending on the command sent, either the memory is written to or read from the specific memory address. The memory address on this device is 20-bit (0x000000 to 0x0FFFFF), and therefore, it is sent by 3 bytes. Several instruction codes can be sent after the CS pin is driven to a LOW logic level. These include Write Enable, Write to the memory array, Read from the memory array, Write Status Register, Read Status Register, and so on. For a full list of commands and their detailed description, please refer to the datasheet of the CY15B108Q IC. When using the write-to-array instruction, it is possible to write the whole array while keeping the CS line to a LOW logic level, as the internal address pointer will increase with each received byte of data once the end of the array is reached (address 0x0FFFFF), the internal pointer will rollover from the beginning

(0x000000). An obvious advantage over the traditional EEPROM can be observed here: on a traditional EEPROM, the memory is organized in pages, usually 256 bytes long, which allows buffering of the data because of the inherently slow write operation. The FRAM memory does not use pages because the memory is written faster than the SPI bus can deliver new information (the data is written at bus speed). Therefore, no buffering is required, and the whole array can be sequentially written. The CY15B108Q includes the option to write-protect specific parts or the whole memory array. The write protection mechanism consists of two bits in the Status Register (BP0, BP1). The Write Status Register instruction can set or reset these bits. BP0 and BP1 bits control the write-protect status of the memory array (from one-quarter to full memory array protection). These bits are non-volatile, and their state is retained between the power cycles. The #WP pin is used to lock the Status Register. When this pin is driven to a LOW level, no further modifications to the Status register are possible, and the instructions used to change bits in this register (Write Enable and Write Status Register) are completely ignored. Driving this pin to a LOW state effectively acts as the hardware memory write-protect lock mechanism. The WPEN bit of the status register can completely turn off this pin: if the WPEN bit is cleared (0), this pin will not affect the CY15B108Q IC. The #WP pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ PWM pin.

Flip&Click PIC32MZ is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit PIC32MZ microcontroller, the PIC32MZ2048EFH100 from Microchip, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, two USB connectors, LED indicators, buttons, debugger/programmer connectors, and two headers compatible with Arduino-UNO pinout. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology,

it allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and features quickly. Each part of the Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition, there is the possibility of choosing the Flip&Click PIC32MZ programming method, using the chipKIT bootloader (Arduino-style development environment) or our USB HID bootloader using mikroC, mikroBasic, and mikroPascal for PIC32. This kit includes a clean and regulated power supply block through the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. All communication

methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, user-configurable buttons, and LED indicators. Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit allows you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.