Beginner
10 min

Expand the number of input/output pins in your project with TCAL6408 and PIC32MZ2048EFH100

8-bit I/O expander with interrupt, reset, and agile I/O

Expand 17 Click with Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Published Oct 17, 2024

Click board™

Expand 17 Click

Dev Board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Add more input and output pins to your project for increased functionality

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Expand 17 Click is based on the TCAL6408, an 8-bit I/O expander from Texas Instruments designed to provide input/output expansion through the I2C protocol. This Click board™ offers an ideal solution for adding more I/Os to the system when dealing with switches, sensors, push-buttons, LEDs, fans, and other peripherals. The TCAL6408 IC features agile I/O configuration registers, providing programmable output drive strength, latchable inputs, maskable interrupts, programmable pull-up/down resistors, and the ability to configure open-drain or push-pull outputs. These advanced features ensure enhanced I/O performance with improved speed, power consumption, and reduced

electromagnetic interference (EMI). The TCAL6408 supports independent logic and power supplies. The logic voltage is supplied via the 3.3V mikroBUS™ power rail, while the main power can be selected between 3.3V from the mikroBUS™ or an externally provided supply through the VIN terminal, with a range of 1.08V to 3.6V. The main power selection is managed by the VCCP SEL jumper, allowing users to set the appropriate power source for the TCAL6408 based on their application's requirements. Expand 17 Click communicates with the host MCU via the standard 2-wire I2C interface, supporting clock frequencies up to 1MHz. The I2C address is easily configurable

using the onboard ADDR SEL jumper. Additionally, this board also uses an active-low reset (RST) pin, used for initializing the device, and an open-drain active-low interrupt (INT) pin, which provides notification of changes in input status, ensuring efficient handling of external events and inputs. This Click board™ can be operated only with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, it comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Expand 17 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit PIC32MZ microcontroller, the PIC32MZ2048EFH100 from Microchip, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, two USB connectors, LED indicators, buttons, debugger/programmer connectors, and two headers compatible with Arduino-UNO pinout. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology,

it allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and features quickly. Each part of the Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition, there is the possibility of choosing the Flip&Click PIC32MZ programming method, using the chipKIT bootloader (Arduino-style development environment) or our USB HID bootloader using mikroC, mikroBasic, and mikroPascal for PIC32. This kit includes a clean and regulated power supply block through the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. All communication

methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, user-configurable buttons, and LED indicators. Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit allows you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Flip&Click PIC32MZ double image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

PIC32

MCU Memory (KB)

2048

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

100

RAM (Bytes)

524288

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
Reset
RE2
RST
ID COMM
RA0
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
RD9
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
RA2
SCL
I2C Data
RA3
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Expand 17 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Flip&Click PIC32MZ as your development board.

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ MB1 Access - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

This Click board can be interfaced and monitored in two ways:

  • Application Output - Use the "Application Output" window in Debug mode for real-time data monitoring. Set it up properly by following this tutorial.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Expand 17 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • expand17_set_io_dir - This function is used to set input or output direction of pins.

  • expand17_set_output_state - This function is used to set output state of the pins.

  • expand17_get_input_state - This function is used to get state of the input pins.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Expand 17 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Expand 17 click board by setting and reading 
 * the ports state.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets 
 * half of pins as output ( IO5, IO6, IO7 and IO8 ) and the 
 * half of the pins as inputs ( IO1, IO2, IO3 and IO4 ).
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Sets the state of the output pins and then reads the status of the input pins
 * and displays the results on the USB UART approximately every 2 seconds.
 *
 * @note
 * In order for this example to work as intended it is necessary to connect the input and output pins 
 * eg. IO1 and IO5, IO2 and IO6 etc. Floating input pins will be shown as a high state.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "expand17.h"

static expand17_t expand17;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    expand17_cfg_t expand17_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    expand17_cfg_setup( &expand17_cfg );
    EXPAND17_MAP_MIKROBUS( expand17_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == expand17_init( &expand17, &expand17_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( EXPAND17_ERROR == expand17_default_cfg ( &expand17 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t input_state = 0;

    log_printf( &logger, " Setting output pins state: HIGH \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    expand17_set_output_state( &expand17, EXPAND17_NO_IO_PIN_MASK, EXPAND17_IO_5_PIN_MASK | 
                                          EXPAND17_IO_6_PIN_MASK | EXPAND17_IO_7_PIN_MASK | 
                                          EXPAND17_IO_8_PIN_MASK );

    log_printf( &logger, " State of input pins: \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    expand17_get_input_state( &expand17, &input_state );
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_1_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO1 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO1 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_2_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO2 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO2 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_3_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO3 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO3 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_4_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO4 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO4 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    
    log_printf( &logger, " Setting output pins state: LOW \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    expand17_set_output_state( &expand17, EXPAND17_IO_5_PIN_MASK | EXPAND17_IO_6_PIN_MASK | 
                                          EXPAND17_IO_7_PIN_MASK | EXPAND17_IO_8_PIN_MASK, 
                                          EXPAND17_NO_IO_PIN_MASK );

    log_printf( &logger, " State of input pins: \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    expand17_get_input_state( &expand17, &input_state );
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_1_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO1 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO1 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_2_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO2 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO2 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_3_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO3 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO3 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    if ( input_state & EXPAND17_IO_4_PIN_MASK )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO4 - HIGH \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " IO4 - LOW \r\n" );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \r\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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