Experience the future of visual excellence with WS2812 and PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Pixels come alive: 16 RGB elements in harmony!

Published Sep 04, 2023

Click board™

4X4 RGB Click

Dev Board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Our 4x4 display matrix featuring 16 'intelligent' RGB elements opens the door to a world of dynamic visual experiences, making it the ideal choice for projects requiring vivid and customizable displays

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

4x4 RGB Click is based on the WS2812, intelligent LED elements with an integrated control from Worldsemi. Thanks to the high brightness of the LED elements and their color consistency, this Click board™ can be used in various decorative applications, simple pattern displays, and color number displays, and due to the cascade nature of the Click board™ itself, they can even be used for building larger screens and displays. These LED elements are composed of red, green, and blue LED segments, forming an RGB LED cell, with their intensities controlled by the integrated logic section. This integrated control section allows separate 8-bit control of each RGB segment, forming a 24-bit color palette and allowing

16,777,216 different colors to be displayed. The power supply for the LED elements is provided by the MCP1826, a low-voltage, low-quiescent current LDO regulator from Microchip, which can provide current up to 1A. While the logic voltage can be selected between 3.3V and 5V rails, the LED power supply is derived from the 5V mikroBUS™ power rail. It is reduced to 3.5V by the LDO and distributed to the LED supply inputs of the WS2812 elements. 4x4 RGB Click uses a single line to communicate with the host MCU. The onboard IN switch between the IN1 and IN2 pins can select the communication line. The OUT pin of the mikroBUS™ allows cascading of multiple 4x4 RGB Click devices. It simply routes the data line back to

the mikroBUS™, allowing it to be re-used for the next 4x4 RGB click, and so on. The length of the whole chain is limited only by the communication speed required to scan through all the LED devices in order to maintain a reasonable refresh speed. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the IO LEVEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Features overview

Development board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit PIC32MZ microcontroller, the PIC32MZ2048EFH100 from Microchip, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, two USB connectors, LED indicators, buttons, debugger/programmer connectors, and two headers compatible with Arduino-UNO pinout. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology,

it allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and features quickly. Each part of the Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition, there is the possibility of choosing the Flip&Click PIC32MZ programming method, using the chipKIT bootloader (Arduino-style development environment) or our USB HID bootloader using mikroC, mikroBasic, and mikroPascal for PIC32. This kit includes a clean and regulated power supply block through the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. All communication

methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, user-configurable buttons, and LED indicators. Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit allows you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

Architecture

PIC32

MCU Memory (KB)

2048

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

100

RAM (Bytes)

524288

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Data Input 1

RE2

RST

Data Input 2

RA0

SCK

MISO

MOSI

Power Supply

3.3V

Ground

GND

Cascading Signal

RC14

PWM

INT

SCL

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

Take a closer look

Schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Flip&Click PIC32MZ as your development board.

Buck 22 Click front image hardware assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ - upright/background hardware assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly

Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly

Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output via Debug Mode

1. Once the code example is loaded, pressing the "DEBUG" button initiates the build process, programs it on the created setup, and enters Debug mode.

2. After the programming is completed, a header with buttons for various actions within the IDE becomes visible. Clicking the green "PLAY" button starts reading the results achieved with the Click board™. The achieved results are displayed in the Application Output tab.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for 4x4 RGB Click driver.

Key functions:

c4x4rgb_set_diode - This function allows to set color of one diode
c4x4rgb_fill_screen - This function sets every diode on selected color

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief 4x4 RGB Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application is used for powering 4x4 RGB LED matrix.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initialization driver enables - GPIO.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * This is an example which demonstrates the use of 4x4 RGB Click board.
 * This simple example shows all ten numbers in different colors on 4x4 RGB click.
 * The 4x4 RGB click carries a matrix of 16 RGB LEDs and an MCP1826 low dropout regulator.
 * These LEDs actually consist of three single colored LEDs ( Red, Green and Blue ) in a single package.
 * Various colors can be reproduced by mixing the intensity of each LED.
 * 
 * @note
 * Make sure the logic delays are defined for your system in the c4x4rgb_delays.h file.
 *
 * **Diodes layout:**
 * ----------------------
 * | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16  |
 * |--------------------|
 * |  9 | 10 | 11 | 12  |
 * |--------------------|
 * |  5 |  6 |  7 |  8  |
 * |--------------------|
 * |  1 |  2 |  3 |  4  |
 * ----------------------
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
#include "board.h"
#include "c4x4rgb.h"
#include "c4x4rgb_delays.h"

#define SNAKE_DELAY     50
#define MASH_DELAY      100

static c4x4rgb_t c4x4rgb;

static void c4x4rgb_logic_zero ( void );

static void c4x4rgb_logic_one ( void );

static void c4x4rgb_color_mash ( void );

static void c4x4rgb_snake ( uint32_t snake_color );

static void c4x4rgb_snake_return ( uint32_t snake_color );

void application_init ( void )
{
    c4x4rgb_cfg_t cfg;

    //  Click initialization.
    c4x4rgb_cfg_setup( &cfg, &c4x4rgb_logic_zero, &c4x4rgb_logic_one, C4X4RGB_CTRL_PIN_IN1 );
    C4X4RGB_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    c4x4rgb_init( &c4x4rgb, &cfg );
    
    c4x4rgb_fill_screen( &c4x4rgb, C4X4RGB_COLOR_WHITE );
    Delay_ms ( 100 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_color_mash();
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    c4x4rgb_snake( C4X4RGB_COLOR_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( 500 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_snake_return( C4X4RGB_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_snake(  C4X4RGB_COLOR_GREEN );
    Delay_ms ( 500 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_snake_return( C4X4RGB_COLOR_YELLOW );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_snake( C4X4RGB_COLOR_RED );
    Delay_ms ( 500 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_snake_return( C4X4RGB_COLOR_PURPLE );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 ); 
    
    c4x4rgb_fill_screen( &c4x4rgb, C4X4RGB_COLOR_WHITE );
    Delay_ms ( 100 ); 
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


static void c4x4rgb_logic_zero ( void )
{
    hal_ll_gpio_set_pin_output( &c4x4rgb.ctrl_pin.pin );
    DELAY_TOH;
    hal_ll_gpio_clear_pin_output( &c4x4rgb.ctrl_pin.pin );
    DELAY_TOL;
}

static void c4x4rgb_logic_one ( void )
{
    hal_ll_gpio_set_pin_output( &c4x4rgb.ctrl_pin.pin );
    DELAY_T1H;
    hal_ll_gpio_clear_pin_output( &c4x4rgb.ctrl_pin.pin );
    DELAY_T1L;
}

static void c4x4rgb_color_mash ( void )
{
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 1, C4X4RGB_COLOR_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 2, C4X4RGB_COLOR_YELLOW );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 3, C4X4RGB_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 4, C4X4RGB_COLOR_WHITE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 5, C4X4RGB_COLOR_PURPLE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 6, C4X4RGB_COLOR_GREEN );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 7, C4X4RGB_COLOR_RED );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 8, C4X4RGB_COLOR_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 9, C4X4RGB_COLOR_YELLOW );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 10, C4X4RGB_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 11, C4X4RGB_COLOR_WHITE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 12, C4X4RGB_COLOR_PURPLE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 13, C4X4RGB_COLOR_GREEN );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 14, C4X4RGB_COLOR_RED );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 15, C4X4RGB_COLOR_BLUE );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 16, C4X4RGB_COLOR_RED );
    Delay_ms ( MASH_DELAY );
}

static void c4x4rgb_snake ( uint32_t snake_color )
{
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 4, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 3, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 2, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 1, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 5, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 9, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 13, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 14, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 15, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 16, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 12, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 8, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 7, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 6, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 10, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 11, snake_color );
}

static void c4x4rgb_snake_return ( uint32_t snake_color )
{
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 11, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 10, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 6, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 7, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 8, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 12, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 16, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 15, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 14, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 13, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 9, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 5, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 1, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 2, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 3, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
    c4x4rgb_set_diode( &c4x4rgb, 4, snake_color );
    Delay_ms ( SNAKE_DELAY );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END