Beginner
10 min

Implement iButton™ technology into your projects with CZ-0-PIN and STM32F407VGT6

Secure and reliable data transfer with a simple touch

iButton Click with Clicker 4 for STM32F4

Published Mar 15, 2024

Click board™

iButton Click

Development board

Clicker 4 for STM32F4

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F407VGT6

Create systems that require secure, physical touchpoints for data transfer or user identification

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

iButton Click is based on the CZ-0-PIN, a high-quality iButton probe from Demiurge. The metal probe ensures resistance to dirt, dust, moisture, shock, and other environmental hazards while ensuring good alignment with the iButton device. The manufacturer guarantees compatibility with Analog iButton devices, but the probe can read any other device compatible with the maxim iButton. The iButton device can power itself up through the data line by employing the so-called parasite power supply. This Click board™ is equipped with the pull-up resistor to the 3.3V mikroBUS™ rail, providing power for the iButton. The so-called parasite PSU of the iButton contains an internal capacitor, which

provides enough current for the proper operation once the data line has charged. To allow proper functioning of the parasitic PSU, the idle state of the data line is HIGH, while the data line of the iButton device is in an open-drain configuration, pulling the data line to a LOW logic level when asserted. The 1-Wire communication line is routed to the SMD jumper, which allows routing of the 1-Wire communication either to the PWM pin or to the AN pin of the mikroBUS™. These pins are labeled GP0 and GP1, respectively, the same as the SMD jumper positions, making the selection of the desired pin simple and straightforward. The green LED labeled as ST1 is routed to the RST pin of the

mikroBUS™, while the red LED is labeled as ST2 and is routed to the CS pin of the mikroBUS™. These two pins allow visual feedback from the software; for example, if the serial number of the docked iButton matches the authorization criteria, the green LED can signal it. These LEDs can be used for any signalization and are not directly connected to the iButton device. This Click board™ can be operated only with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, it comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used for further development.

iButton? Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Clicker 4 for STM32F4 is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that you can use to quickly build your own gadgets with unique functionalities. Featuring an STM32F407VGT6 MCU, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click boards™ connectivity, power management, and more, it represents a perfect solution for the rapid development of many different types of applications. At its core is an STM32F407VGT6 MCU, a powerful microcontroller by STMicroelectronics based on the high-performance

Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit processor core operating at up to 168 MHz frequency. It provides sufficient processing power for the most demanding tasks, allowing Clicker 4 to adapt to any specific application requirements. Besides two 1x20 pin headers, four improved mikroBUS™ sockets represent the most distinctive connectivity feature, allowing access to a huge base of Click boards™, growing on a daily basis. Each section of Clicker 4 is clearly marked, offering an intuitive and clean interface. This makes working with the

development board much simpler and, thus, faster. The usability of Clicker 4 doesn’t end with its ability to accelerate the prototyping and application development stages: it is designed as a complete solution that can be implemented directly into any project, with no additional hardware modifications required. Four mounting holes [4.2mm/0.165”] at all four corners allow simple installation by using mounting screws.

Clicker 4 for STM32F4 double image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M4

MCU Memory (KB)

10

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

100

RAM (Bytes)

100

You complete me!

Accessories

The DS1990A is a unique serial number identification iButton™. The iButton is a technology based on the one-wire communication protocol and a chip packed in a robust stainless steel casing. This button-shaped device has two contacts - the lid and the base. These contacts carry the necessary connections down to a sensitive silicone chip embedded inside the metal button. When the iButton touches the reader probe, it establishes the communication with the host MCU via the one-wire interface. The communication is almost instant, so pressing the iButton lightly to the probe contacts is enough.

iButton Click accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

1-Wire Data IN/OUT
PC4
AN
Status 2 Indicator
PC15
RST
Status 1 Indicator
PA4
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
1-Wire Data IN/OUT
PE9
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Schematic

iButton? Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Clicker 4 for STM32F4 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Clicker 4 for STM32F4 as your development board.

Clicker 4 for STM32F4 front image hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click front image hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Clicker 4 STM32F4 Access MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 HA MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

After loading the code example, pressing the "DEBUG" button builds and programs it on the selected setup.

Application Output Step 1

After programming is completed, a header with buttons for various actions available in the IDE appears. By clicking the green "PLAY "button, we start reading the results achieved with Click board™.

Application Output Step 3

Upon completion of programming, the Application Output tab is automatically opened, where the achieved result can be read. In case of an inability to perform the Debug function, check if a proper connection between the MCU used by the setup and the CODEGRIP programmer has been established. A detailed explanation of the CODEGRIP-board connection can be found in the CODEGRIP User Manual. Please find it in the RESOURCES section.

Application Output Step 4

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for iButton Click driver.

Key functions:

  • ibutton_add_key - This function reads the ROM address from a DS1990A Serial Number iButton and stores it in the ctx->key_rom buffer

  • ibutton_remove_keys - This function removes all stored keys by clearing the ctx->key_rom buffer

  • ibutton_check_key - This function reads the ROM address from a DS1990A Serial Number iButton and checks if it is already stored in the ctx->key_rom buffer

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief iButton Click Example.
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of the iButton click boards by registering a DS1990A Serial Number iButton
 * key and then waiting until a key is detected on the reader and identifying if the key matches one of
 * those stored in RAM.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and registers a new DS1990A Serial Number iButton key and stores it in RAM.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Waits until a key is detected on the reader, and checks if there's a key found in the library that matches
 * the one it has just read. All data is being logged on the USB UART where you can track the program flow.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "ibutton.h"

#define NUMBER_OF_KEYS  1   // Number of keys to register.

static ibutton_t ibutton;
static log_t logger;

/**
 * @brief iButton led indication function.
 * @details This function indicates the selected state over LEDs indication.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #ibutton_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @param[in] state : @li @c 0 - Disable LEDs.
 *                    @li @c 1 - Wait for a key.
 *                    @li @c 2 - Operation successfull.
 *                    @li @c 3 - Wrong key found.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void ibutton_led_indication ( ibutton_t *ctx, ibutton_led_state_t state );

/**
 * @brief iButton register keys function.
 * @details This function registers a desired number of keys.
 * Each step will be logged on the USB UART where you can track the function flow.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #ibutton_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @param[in] num_keys : Number of keys to register.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void ibutton_register_keys ( ibutton_t *ctx, uint8_t num_keys );

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    ibutton_cfg_t ibutton_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    ibutton_cfg_setup( &ibutton_cfg );
    IBUTTON_MAP_MIKROBUS( ibutton_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( ONE_WIRE_ERROR == ibutton_init( &ibutton, &ibutton_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    ibutton_register_keys ( &ibutton, NUMBER_OF_KEYS );
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    err_t error_flag = IBUTTON_OK;
    ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
    log_printf( &logger, " >>> Waiting for a key <<<\r\n" );
    do
    {
        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_WAIT_KEY );
        error_flag = ibutton_check_key ( &ibutton );
    }
    while ( IBUTTON_ERROR == error_flag );

    ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
    if ( IBUTTON_OK == error_flag )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " MATCH, access allowed!\r\n" );
        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_SUCCESS );
    }
    else if ( IBUTTON_KEY_NO_MATCH == error_flag )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " NO MATCH, access denied!\r\n" );
        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_WRONG_KEY );
    }
    ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 500 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

static void ibutton_led_indication ( ibutton_t *ctx, ibutton_led_state_t state )
{
    switch ( state )
    {
        case IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE:
        {
            ibutton_disable_green_led ( ctx );
            ibutton_disable_red_led ( ctx );
            break;
        }
        case IBUTTON_LED_WAIT_KEY:
        {
            ibutton_enable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            ibutton_enable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            break;
        }
        case IBUTTON_LED_SUCCESS:
        {
            ibutton_enable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_enable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_green_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            break;
        }
        case IBUTTON_LED_WRONG_KEY:
        {
            ibutton_enable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_enable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            ibutton_disable_red_led ( &ibutton );
            Delay_ms ( 250 );
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

static void ibutton_register_keys ( ibutton_t *ctx, uint8_t num_keys )
{
    err_t error_flag = IBUTTON_OK;
    uint8_t key_cnt = 1;
    while ( key_cnt <= num_keys )
    {
        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
        log_printf( &logger, " >>> Registering key %u of %u <<<\r\n", ( uint16_t ) key_cnt, ( uint16_t ) num_keys );
        log_printf( &logger, " Insert a DS1990A Serial Number iButton to click board reader plate\r\n" );
        do
        {
            ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_WAIT_KEY );
            error_flag = ibutton_add_key ( &ibutton );
        }
        while ( IBUTTON_ERROR == error_flag );

        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
        if ( IBUTTON_KEY_ALREADY_EXIST == error_flag )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " This key is already registered!\r\n" );
            log_printf( &logger, " Use another key or decrease the number of keys\r\n" );
            ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_WRONG_KEY );
        }
        else if ( IBUTTON_OK == error_flag )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " The key is registered successfully!\r\n" );
            ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_SUCCESS );
            key_cnt++;
        }
        ibutton_led_indication ( &ibutton, IBUTTON_LED_DISABLE );
        log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------------\r\n\n" );
        Delay_ms ( 500 );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources