Empower your projects with serial-controlled driver based on the MAX22200 and ATmega328P

Master the flow!

Published Feb 14, 2024

Click board™

H-Bridge 11 Click

Dev. board

Arduino UNO Rev3

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega328P

Streamline the operation of multiple solenoids and motors, and ensure synchronized movements and optimized performance in various systems

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

H-Bridge 11 Click is based on the MAX22200, an octal serial-controlled solenoid and motor driver from Analog Devices. The MAX22200 is rated for an operating voltage range from 4.5V to 36V, which can be brought externally through a VIN screw terminal. Each channel, market with OUTx, can be configured as a low-side or high-side driver and features a low-impedance with 200mΩ typical ON-resistance push-pull output stage with sink-and-source driving capability and up to 1A RMS driving current. Also, pairs of half-bridges can be paralleled to double the driving current or can be configured as full-bridges to drive up to four latched valves (bistable valves) or four brushed DC motors. The MAX22200 features a two-level drive sequence for optimal control of solenoid valves such as voltage-drive (VDR) and current-drive regulation (CDR) (low-side driver only). In VDR mode, the MAX22200 outputs a PWM voltage with a programmable duty cycle through the SPI interface. The output current is proportional to the programmed duty cycle for a given supply voltage and solenoid resistor. In CDR mode, an internal

integrated lossless current sensing (ICS) circuit senses the output current and compares it with a programmable reference current. The CDR loop modifies the PWM duty cycle so that the output current peak matches the programmed reference current. Reference current can be set using the IREF SEL jumper, providing the possibility of setting a current of 1A, 0.5A, or 0.25A depending on the position of the jumper and the set HFS bit (jumper at position 15k with HFS_bit=0 provides 1A, jumper at position 30k with HFS_bit=1 provides 0.25A). This Click board™ communicates with MCU through a standard SPI interface, supporting clock speed up to 5MHz and the most common SPI mode, SPI Mode 0. It also can be turned on or off through the RST pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, hence, offering a switch operation to turn ON/OFF power delivery to the MAX22200. Depending on the content of the TRGnSPI bit in the configuration register of that specific channel, the driver channels can be activated/deactivated either using the SPI interface or through a logic input signal on unpopulated header pins TRIGA

and TRIGB (0, 2, 4, 6 can be triggered by the logic input TRIGA, while 1, 3, 5, 7 can be triggered by using the logic input TRIGB). For a successful register write/read function, it is first necessary to set the CMD pin of the mikroBUS™ socket to an appropriate logic level: high for the write and low for the read command. It also provides a fault status indication signal, routed to the FLT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, alongside its red LED indicator marked as FAULT to indicate different fault conditions such as overcurrent protection, thermal shutdown, undervoltage lockout, open-load detection, and detection of plunger movement. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. The Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

H-Bridge 11 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the

first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

RAM (Bytes)

2048

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

DC Gear Motor - 430RPM (3-6V) represents an all-in-one combination of a motor and gearbox, where the addition of gear leads to a reduction of motor speed while increasing the torque output. This gear motor has a spur gearbox, making it a highly reliable solution for applications with lower torque and speed requirements. The most critical parameters for gear motors are speed, torque, and efficiency, which are, in this case, 520RPM with no load and 430RPM at maximum efficiency, alongside a current of 60mA and a torque of 50g.cm. Rated for a 3-6V operational voltage range and clockwise/counterclockwise rotation direction, this motor represents an excellent solution for many functions initially performed by brushed DC motors in robotics, medical equipment, electric door locks, and much more.

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

W/R Command Selection

PC0

Enable

PD2

RST

SPI Chip Select

PB2

SPI Clock

PB5

SCK

SPI Data OUT

PB4

MISO

SPI Data IN

PB3

MOSI

Power Supply

3.3V

Ground

GND

PWM

Fault

PC3

INT

SCL

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Arduino UNO Rev3 as your development board.

Arduino UNO Rev3 front image hardware assembly

Charger 27 Click front image hardware assembly

Charger 27 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly

Arduino UNO Rev3 Access MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly

Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly

Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for H-Bridge 11 Click driver.

Key functions:

hbridge11_get_fault_pin - This function returns the fault pin logic state
hbridge11_read_flags - This function reads and clears the fault flags from the status register
hbridge11_set_motor_state - This function sets the operating state for the selected motor from the half-bridge pairs 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, or 6-7

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief H-Bridge 11 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of the H-Bridge 11 click board by
 * driving the DC motors connected between OUT0-OUT1 and OUT2-OUT3 in both directions. 
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Drives the motors connected between OUT0-OUT1 and OUT2-OUT3 in both directions
 * in the span of 12 seconds, and logs data on the USB UART where you can track the program flow.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "hbridge11.h"

static hbridge11_t hbridge11;
static log_t logger;

/**
 * @brief H-Bridge 11 check fault function.
 * @details This function checks the fault pin state then reads the fault flags
 * and displays on the USB UART.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void hbridge11_check_fault ( void );

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    hbridge11_cfg_t hbridge11_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    hbridge11_cfg_setup( &hbridge11_cfg );
    HBRIDGE11_MAP_MIKROBUS( hbridge11_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( SPI_MASTER_ERROR == hbridge11_init( &hbridge11, &hbridge11_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( HBRIDGE11_ERROR == hbridge11_default_cfg ( &hbridge11 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_0, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_FORWARD );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_1, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_FORWARD );
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n MOTOR 0: FORWARD\r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " MOTOR 1: FORWARD\r\n" );
    hbridge11_check_fault ( );
    Delay_ms ( 3000 );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_0, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_BRAKE );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_1, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_BRAKE );
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n MOTOR 0: BRAKE\r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " MOTOR 1: BRAKE\r\n" );
    hbridge11_check_fault ( );
    Delay_ms ( 3000 );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_0, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_REVERSE );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_1, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_REVERSE );
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n MOTOR 0: REVERSE\r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " MOTOR 1: REVERSE\r\n" );
    hbridge11_check_fault ( );
    Delay_ms ( 3000 );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_0, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_HI_Z );
    hbridge11_set_motor_state ( &hbridge11, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_SEL_1, HBRIDGE11_MOTOR_STATE_HI_Z );
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n MOTOR 0: DISCONNECTED\r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " MOTOR 1: DISCONNECTED\r\n" );
    hbridge11_check_fault ( );
    Delay_ms ( 3000 );
}

void main ( void )
{
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; )
    {
        application_task( );
    }
}

static void hbridge11_check_fault ( void )
{
    uint8_t fault_flags = 0;
    if ( !hbridge11_get_fault_pin ( &hbridge11 ) )
    {
        if ( HBRIDGE11_OK == hbridge11_read_flags ( &hbridge11, &fault_flags ) )
        {
            log_printf ( &logger, " Fault flags: 0x%.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) fault_flags );
        }
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END