Beginner
10 min

Convert high-voltage industrial signals to logic levels with MAX22196 and ATmega328P

High-performance octal industrial sink/source digital input

DIGI IN 2 Click with Arduino UNO Rev3

Published Apr 29, 2024

Click board™

DIGI IN 2 Click

Dev. board

Arduino UNO Rev3

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega328P

Safely interface with high-voltage industrial signals and convert them to logic levels for controlling machinery and processes.

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

DIGI IN 2 Click is based on the MAX22196, a high-performance octal industrial sink/source digital input IC from Analog Devices. This IC converts eight high-voltage (8V-24V) industrial inputs across channels 1 to 8 into standard logic-level outputs. It incorporates a serial interface for configuring and reading data in a serialized format via SPI. Each input channel can be individually set to operate as sinking (P-type) or sourcing (N-type), with built-in current limiters to reduce power wastage while adhering to the IEC 61131-2 standards. This Click board™ is ideal for various applications, including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), factory automation, and process control systems. A distinctive feature of the MAX22196 is its ability to meet IEC 61131-2 Type 1/3 or Type 2 digital input requirements using a single resistor (R7) set at 12kΩ. The device offers flexibility by allowing the users to turn off current sinks or sources. Furthermore, each input channel has a customizable glitch/debounce filter and an optional 16-bit down-counter for enhanced input signal processing. The MAX22196 can draw power from a field supply ranging from 8V to 24V, including a

green LED (VOK), to indicate the presence of a stable field supply. An on-chip 5V linear regulator is another hallmark of the MAX22196, capable of delivering up to 20mA of load current to the VA header, which is left unpopulated. This on-chip regulator can be enabled via the FUNC SEL "R" jumper by placing its position from OFF to ON state. While it's in the OFF position, the VA terminal presents a 5V linear regulator output, and the ON position presents a supply input powered by mikroBUS power rail™ (3.3V or 5V). Regarding communication, the DIGI IN 2 Click interfaces with the host MCU through SPI to perform input data reading, diagnostic data acquisition, and register configuration at speeds up to 12MHz. The voltages at the 1-8 input terminals are compared against internal references to determine whether the field binary output sensor is ON (logic 1) or OFF (logic 0). All eight inputs are simultaneously latched by the assertion of either latch LTC or CS pins, and the data is made available in a serialized form through the SPI. Notably, the MAX22196 can address up to four devices on a shared SPI bus using ADDR SEL jumpers for direct access, and it

supports daisy-chaining through the FUNC SEL "D" jumper. The MAX22196 also features a fault indicator (FLT pin) for communicating various operational errors to the host MCU, including power supply undervoltage, overtemperature conditions, and CRC errors. The READY RDY signal confirms that the MAX22196 is powered on and operational. CRC error detection is enabled by default for enhanced data integrity, which is particularly beneficial in both addressable and daisy-chain SPI configurations. To visually present the status of its digital inputs, the board is equipped with a 3x3 yellow LED driver crossbar matrix. The ninth LED, positioned in the lower-left corner, mirrors the functionality of the VOK LED, providing a quick visual reference for the board's operational status. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

DIGI IN 2 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the

first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.

Arduino UNO Rev3 double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

28

RAM (Bytes)

2048

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Device Ready
PC0
AN
ID SEL
PD2
RST
SPI Select / ID COMM
PB2
CS
SPI Clock
PB5
SCK
SPI Data OUT
PB4
MISO
SPI Data IN
PB3
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
SPI Data Latch
PD6
PWM
Fault Interrupt
PC3
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

DIGI IN 2 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Arduino UNO Rev3 as your development board.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly
Arduino UNO Rev3 front image hardware assembly
Charger 27 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Charger 27 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Board mapper by product8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Arduino UNO MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for DIGI IN 2 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • digiin2_get_flt_pin - This function is used to get state of the FLT pin

  • digiin2_write_reg - This function is used to write data into the selected register by using SPI serial interface

  • digiin2_read_reg - This function reads a data byte from the selected register by using SPI serial interface

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief DIGI IN 2 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of DIGI IN 2 Click board by reading and
 * displaying the state of the channels.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver, performs the Click default configuration.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Reads and displays on the USB UART the channel state every second.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "digiin2.h"

static digiin2_t digiin2;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    digiin2_cfg_t digiin2_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    digiin2_cfg_setup( &digiin2_cfg );
    DIGIIN2_MAP_MIKROBUS( digiin2_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( SPI_MASTER_ERROR == digiin2_init( &digiin2, &digiin2_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( DIGIIN2_ERROR == digiin2_default_cfg ( &digiin2 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{    
    uint8_t channel_data = 0;

    digiin2_pulse_latch( &digiin2 );

    if ( DIGIIN2_OK == digiin2_read_reg( &digiin2, DIGIIN2_REG_DISTATE, &channel_data ) )
    {
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_1_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 1 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 1 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_2_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 2 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 2 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_3_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 3 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 3 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_4_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 4 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 4 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_5_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 5 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 5 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_6_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 6 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 6 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_7_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 7 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 7 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        if ( channel_data & DIGIIN2_CHANNEL_8_MASK )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 8 counter: HIGH \r\n" );
        }
        else
        { 
            log_printf( &logger, "Channel 8 counter: LOW \r\n" );
        }
        log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - -\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Read error." );
    }
    
    if ( DIGIIN2_PIN_STATE_HIGH == digiin2_get_flt_pin( &digiin2 ) )
    {
        uint8_t flt_data = 0;
        digiin2_read_reg( &digiin2, DIGIIN2_REG_FAULT, &flt_data );
        log_printf( &logger, "Fault1 data: 0x%.2X \r\n", ( uint16_t ) flt_data );
        digiin2_read_reg( &digiin2, DIGIIN2_REG_FAULT2, &flt_data );
        log_printf( &logger, "Fault2 data: 0x%.2X \r\n", ( uint16_t ) flt_data );
        log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - -\r\n" );
    }

    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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