This solution, which employs the Doppler effect with microwaves, provides the ability to detect and track motion with precision, opening doors to a wide range of applications
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Microwave Click is based on the PD-V11, a 24GHz microwave motion sensor from Pdlux. The typical use for Microwave click is a proximity or motion detector in various applications and devices. The Microwave click can detect movement or proximity by using the Doppler effect. The onboard microwave motions sensor transmits waves, and picks them back as they hit an object, with their frequency changed. Microwave click does not need optical visibility to work, and the waves can penetrate many kinds of barriers and obstacles. Microwave click detects movement of objects utilizing Doppler effect. When the PD-V11 microwave sensor is powered on, it starts transmitting radio waves of fixed frequency. As the waves hit a moving object they are reflected back toward PD-V11 microwave motion sensor, with their frequency changed, depending on speed
and direction of object's movement. The Doppler effect - a change in frequency of a wave for the observer and object move closer or further apart from one another. A typical example of the Doppler effect is when a vehicle with siren passes and you hear the pitch drop of the siren. The PD-V11 microwave motion sensor low power consumption, low noise, and a low wireless power output. See the datasheet to learn more. The PD-V11 microwave motion sensor picks up reflected waves and converts them to a voltage signal. This signal has the magnitude of several hundred microvolts, so it's sent to the MCP6022 which amplifies the signal, in order to make it readable over the Analog pin on the mikroBUS™. This signal is amplified up to 3.3V. Once amplified, the signal is routed to the Analog pin (OUT) on the mikroBUS™ line. The proximity of the object can
be determined by measuring the amplitude of this signal, and speed/direction by determining its frequency. The PD-V11 microwave motion sensor low power consumption, low noise, and a low wireless power output. See the datasheet to learn more. The PD-V11 microwave motion sensor picks up reflected waves and converts them to a voltage signal. This signal has the magnitude of several hundred microvolts, so it's sent to the MCP6022 which amplifies the signal, in order to make it readable over the Analog pin on the mikroBUS™. This signal is amplified up to 3.3V. Once amplified, the signal is routed to the Analog pin (OUT) on the mikroBUS™ line. The proximity of the object can be determined by measuring the amplitude of this signal, and speed/direction by determining its frequency.
Features overview
Development board
Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the
first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU

Architecture
AVR
MCU Memory (KB)
32
Silicon Vendor
Microchip
Pin count
32
RAM (Bytes)
2048
You complete me!
Accessories
Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic

Step by step
Project assembly
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Microwave Click driver.
Key functions:
microwave_generic_read
- Generic ADC Read function
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* \file main.c
* \brief Microwave Click example
*
* # Description
* This is an example which demonstrates the use of Microwave Click board.
* Microwave Click reads ADC results, takes exact amount of samples,
* calculation of difference between taken samples and reference ADC value, and
* reports movement if difference is greater/lower than selected threshold value.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the ADC and uart console where the results will be displayed.
* Also calculates the reference ADC value for Microwave Click board.
*
* ## Application Task
* Reads the AD converted results and compares this results with the previously
* calculated reference value, taking into account the choosen threshold value
* which controls the sensor sensitivity. All data is being displayed on the
* USB UART where you can track their changes.
*
*
* \author Nemanja Medakovic
*
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "microwave.h"
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES
static microwave_t microwave;
static log_t logger;
static uint16_t reference;
static uint32_t sum;
static uint16_t old_detector = 0;
// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
void application_init( void )
{
microwave_cfg_t cfg;
log_cfg_t log_cfg;
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );
// Click initialization.
microwave_cfg_setup( &cfg );
MICROWAVE_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
microwave_init( µwave, &cfg );
Delay_ms ( 100 );
log_printf( &logger, " Calibrating the sensor...\r\n" );
log_printf( &logger, " There must be no movement near the sensor!\r\n" );
log_printf( &logger, "*********************************************\r\n" );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
sum = 0;
for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < MICROWAVE_SAMPLES_COUNT_100; cnt++ )
{
sum += microwave_generic_read( µwave );
}
reference = sum / MICROWAVE_SAMPLES_COUNT_100;
log_printf( &logger, " The sensor has been calibrated!\r\n" );
log_printf( &logger, "** Reference value: %d\r\n", reference );
log_printf( &logger, "*********************************************\r\n" );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}
void application_task( void )
{
microwave_data_t adc_sample;
uint16_t detector;
uint8_t sampler;
uint8_t cnt = 0;
sum = 0;
for ( sampler = 0; sampler < MICROWAVE_SAMPLES_COUNT_100; sampler++ )
{
adc_sample = microwave_generic_read( µwave );
sum += adc_sample;
cnt++;
}
if ( cnt )
{
detector = sum / cnt;
if ( ( ( detector + MICROWAVE_THRESHOLD_10 ) < reference ||
( detector - MICROWAVE_THRESHOLD_10 ) > reference ) &&
old_detector != detector )
{
log_printf( &logger, "** MOVE DETECTED!\r\n" );
log_printf( &logger, "** Detector value : %d\r\n", detector );
log_printf( &logger, "**************************\r\n" );
old_detector = detector;
Delay_ms ( 100 );
}
}
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
Additional Support
Resources
Category:Motion