Revolutionize your DC motor control with TB67H450AFNG and STM32F091RC
Effortless control for powerful motors
Published Feb 26, 2024
Click board™
DC Motor 14 Click
Dev. board
Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
STM32F091RC
Embrace the versatility of brushed motor control, offering four dynamic operational modes: forward, reverse, short brake, and full stop!
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
DC MOTOR 14 Click is based on the TB67H450AFNG, a PWM chopper-type brushed DC motor driver from Toshiba Semiconductor. This IC uses a proprietary BiCD manufacturing process, allowing this IC to be powered by a wide range of supply voltages, from 4.5 up to 44V. Due to the very low ON resistance of the MOSFETs, it can deliver up to 3.5A of current to the connected load. However, many external parameters affect both the maximum voltage and the current specifications, especially when the connected load is complex, such as the DC motor. In using TB67H450AFNG, the voltage should be applied to the pins of VM and VREF. The absolute maximum rating of VM supply voltage is 50V (no active). The usage range is 4.5 to 44V. The absolute maximum rating of VREF supply voltage is 5V. The usage range is 0 to 4V. There are no special procedures for inputting a power supply and shutdown feature because the TB67H450AFNG incorporates the under voltage lockout (UVLO). However, setting the motor operation to OFF is recommended under the unstable state of inputting the power supply (VM) and shutdown (transient area). After the power supply is stable, the motor should be operated by switching the input signal. The absolute maximum rating of motor output current is 3.5A. Its operating range is 3A or less. The maximum current of the actual usage is limited depending on the usage conditions (the ambient temperature, the wiring pattern of the board, the radiation path, and the exciting design).
Configure the most appropriate current value after calculating the heat and evaluating the board under the operating environment. When the logic signal is input under the condition that the voltage of the VM is not supplied, the electromotive force by an input signal is not generated. The speed of the motor can be controlled by Inputting the PWM signal to pins IN1 and IN2 and operating them with PWM control. When both IN1 and IN2 pins are set to L for 1 ms (typ.) or more, the operation mode enters the Standby mode. When IN1 or IN2 is set to H, the mode returns from the standby mode and enters the operation mode. When the constant current function is disabled, the RS pin should be connected to GND, and a voltage of 1 to 5V should be applied to the VREF pin. Maximum 30μs are required for the return time from the standby release. The OUT1 and OUT2 outputs operate after 30 μs (max) from the standby release. In this product, the current detection resistor sets a constant current threshold between RS and GND and VREF input voltage. When the constant current function is disabled, the RS pin should be connected to GND, and a voltage of 1 to 5V should be applied to the VREF pin. The constant current control is performed in Mixed Decay mode when the output current reaches the threshold due to forward and reverse rotation. In the case of the constant current control, the OFF time (toff) is fixed to 25 μs (typ.) to determine the pulse width of the current (current pulsating flow).
The percentage of Mixed Decay Mode is as follows; Fast Mode: 50% to Slow Mode: 50%. If the output current is zero-detected in Fast Mode, the outputs are in High impedance. When the junction temperature of the IC reaches the specified value, the internal detection circuit (TSD) operates to turn off the output block. It has a dead band time to prevent the IC from malfunctioning, caused by switching, and so on. Since the temperature has a hysteresis range when the junction temperature falls to the return temperature, the operation returns automatically to the normal operation. The TSD is triggered when the device is overheated irregularly. Make sure not to use the TSD function aggressively. When the IC detects an overcurrent, the internal circuit turns off the output block. It has a dead band time to avoid ISD misdetection, which may be triggered by external noise. The undervoltage detection circuit operates when the applied voltage of the VM pin falls 3.8V (typ.) or less. All output power transistors are turned off. The UVLO operation is released when the voltage applied to the VM pin rises 4.0V (typ.) or more. Although the TB67H450AFNG IC requires an external PSU, this Click board™ can operate with 5V MCUs only. The current detection resistor (R2) installed on click is 0.51 Ohm, set for a range from 0 to 1.5A. In the case of a range from 1.5 to 3A, that can be achieved by replacing it with a 0.22 Ohm resistor.
Features overview
Development board
Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin
headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is
provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
ARM Cortex-M0
MCU Memory (KB)
256
Silicon Vendor
STMicroelectronics
Pin count
64
RAM (Bytes)
32768
You complete me!
Accessories
Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.
DC Gear Motor - 430RPM (3-6V) represents an all-in-one combination of a motor and gearbox, where the addition of gear leads to a reduction of motor speed while increasing the torque output. This gear motor has a spur gearbox, making it a highly reliable solution for applications with lower torque and speed requirements. The most critical parameters for gear motors are speed, torque, and efficiency, which are, in this case, 520RPM with no load and 430RPM at maximum efficiency, alongside a current of 60mA and a torque of 50g.cm. Rated for a 3-6V operational voltage range and clockwise/counterclockwise rotation direction, this motor represents an excellent solution for many functions initially performed by brushed DC motors in robotics, medical equipment, electric door locks, and much more.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.
2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.
3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for DC Motor 14 Click driver.
Key functions:
void dcmotor14_forward ( );- Function is used to drive the motor forward.void dcmotor14_reverse ( );- Function is used to drive the motor reverse.void dcmotor14_brake ( );- Function is used to brake the motor.
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* \file
* \brief DC MOTOR 14 Click example
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of DC Motor 14 click board.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and makes an initial log.
*
* ## Application Task
* Drives the motor in the forward direction for 5 seconds, then pulls brake for 2 seconds,
* and after that drives it in the reverse direction for 5 seconds, and finally,
* disconnects the motor for 2 seconds. Each step will be logged on the USB UART where
* you can track the program flow.
*
* \author MikroE Team
*
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "dcmotor14.h"
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES
static dcmotor14_t dcmotor14;
static log_t logger;
// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg;
dcmotor14_cfg_t cfg;
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info(&logger, "---- Application Init ----");
// Click initialization.
dcmotor14_cfg_setup( &cfg );
DCMOTOR14_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
dcmotor14_init( &dcmotor14, &cfg );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
log_printf( &logger, "The motor turns forward! \r\n" );
dcmotor14_forward( &dcmotor14 );
Delay_ms( 5000 );
log_printf( &logger, "Pull brake! \r\n" );
dcmotor14_brake( &dcmotor14 );
Delay_ms( 2000 );
log_printf( &logger, "The motor turns in reverse! \r\n" );
dcmotor14_reverse( &dcmotor14 );
Delay_ms( 5000 );
log_printf( &logger, "The motor is disconnected (High-Z)! \r\n" );
dcmotor14_stop( &dcmotor14 );
Delay_ms( 2000 );
}
void main ( void )
{
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
