Intermediate
30 min

Achieve precise environmental HVAC sensing with SCD41, SPS30 and STM32F031K6

Redefining comfort with compact HVAC innovation

HVAC Click with Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Published Oct 01, 2024

Click board™

HVAC Click

Dev. board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F031K6

Harness real-time data from the miniature CO2 and PM sensors to dynamically adjust ventilation rates, ensuring optimal indoor air quality in response to varying occupancy and pollutant levels

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

HVAC Click is based on the SCD41, a Sensirion's next-generation miniature CO2 sensor. This carbon dioxide sensor builds on the photoacoustic sensing principle and Sensirion's patented PASens® and CMOSens® technology to offer high accuracy at a minor form factor. It operates within a specified range from 400 to 5'000 ppm, configurable through the I2C interface with a low-power single-shot mode supported to reduce noise levels, i.e., on-demand measurement. The SCD41 features on-chip signal compensation to counteract pressure and temperature effects. Feeding the SCD41 with the pressure or altitude enables the highest accuracy of the CO2 output signal across an extensive pressure range. Setting the temperature offset improves the accuracy of the relative humidity and temperature

output signal. Note that the temperature offset does not impact the accuracy of the CO2 output. HVAC Click communicates with MCU using the standard I2C 2-Wire interface to read data and configure settings, supporting Standard mode operation with a clock frequency up to 100kHz. Furthermore, this Click board™ is suitable for indoor air quality applications using an additional SPS30, a Particulate Matter (PM) sensor from Sensirion, with the help of which the HVAC Click in the most energy-efficient and human-friendly way maintains a low CO2 concentration for a healthy, productive environment. The measurement principle of the SPS30 is based on laser scattering, which, together with high quality, enables precise measurements from its first operation and throughout its lifetime of more than ten years.

In addition, the SPS30 allows using both I2C and UART interfaces, where the communication interface selection can be made by positioning SMD jumpers labeled COMM SEL to an appropriate position. Note that all the jumpers' positions must be on the same side, or the Click board™ may become unresponsive. Also, to activate I2C communication, the JP4 jumper must be populated. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

HVAC Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU board provides an affordable and flexible platform for experimenting with STM32 microcontrollers in 32-pin packages. Featuring Arduino™ Nano connectivity, it allows easy expansion with specialized shields, while being mbed-enabled for seamless integration with online resources. The

board includes an on-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer, supporting USB reenumeration with three interfaces: Virtual Com port, mass storage, and debug port. It offers a flexible power supply through either USB VBUS or an external source. Additionally, it includes three LEDs (LD1 for USB communication, LD2 for power,

and LD3 as a user LED) and a reset push button. The STM32 Nucleo-32 board is supported by various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as IAR™, Keil®, and GCC-based IDEs like AC6 SW4STM32, making it a versatile tool for developers.

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

32

RAM (Bytes)

4096

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is the perfect way to expand your development board's functionalities with STM32 Nucleo-32 pinout. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 provides two mikroBUS™ sockets to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™. We are fully stocked with everything, from sensors and WiFi transceivers to motor control and audio amplifiers. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is compatible with the STM32 Nucleo-32 board, providing an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new ideas and quickly create prototypes with any STM32 microcontrollers, choosing from the various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The STM32 Nucleo-32 boards do not require any separate probe as they integrate the ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer and come with the STM32 comprehensive software HAL library and various packaged software examples. This development platform provides users with an effortless and common way to combine the STM32 Nucleo-32 footprint compatible board with their favorite Click boards™ in their upcoming projects.

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 accessories 1 image

SPS30 PM2.5 Particulate Matter sensor is based on laser scattering and uses Sensirion’s innovative contamination-resistance technology. Due to their small size, PM2.5 particles can travel deep into the human lung and cause various health issues, for instance, by triggering asthma attacks or contributing to cardiovascular disease. The SPS30 enables precise measurements from its first operation and throughout its lifetime of more than ten years. A sensing solution that works over the whole lifetime, assuring good air quality to the final user and increasing energy efficiency and sustainable operation.

HVAC Click accessories image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
NC
NC
INT
UART TX
PA10
TX
UART RX
PA9
RX
I2C Clock
PB6
SCL
I2C Data
PB7
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

HVAC Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly
Nucleo 144 with STM32L4A6ZG MCU front image hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Nucleo-32 with STM32 MCU Access MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
STM32 M4 Clicker HA MCU/Select Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for HVAC Click driver.

Key functions:

  • hvac_sps30_start_measurement - SPS30 start measurement command function

  • hvac_sps30_get_ready_flag - SPS30 get ready flag function

  • hvac_sps30_read_measured_data - SPS30 read measured data function.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Hvac Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This is an example that demonstrates the use of the HVAC Click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initialization driver enables - I2C, 
 * SCD40: perform factory reset, serial number, features, product type platform type, 
 * product version and
 * SPS30: perform start measurement mode, also write log.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * This is an example which demonstrates the use of HVAC Click board.
 * HVAC Click board can be used to measure : 
 * Concentration of CO2 in air,
 * Temperature ( degree Celsius ),
 * Relative Humidity ( % ),
 * Mass Concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10 and
 * Number Concentration of PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0 and PM10.
 * All data logs write on USB uart changes.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "hvac.h"

static hvac_t hvac;
static log_t logger;
measuremen_data_t hvac_data;
feature_data_t version_data;
mass_and_num_cnt_data_t sps30_data;
uint16_t ser_num[ 3 ];

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    hvac_cfg_t hvac_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    hvac_cfg_setup( &hvac_cfg );
    HVAC_MAP_MIKROBUS( hvac_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == hvac_init( &hvac, &hvac_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
    Delay_ms( 1000 );
    hvac_scd40_send_cmd( &hvac, HVAC_PERFORM_FACTORY_RESET );
    log_printf( &logger, "  Perform Factory Reset   \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 2000 );

    hvac_scd40_get_serial_number ( &hvac, ser_num );
    log_printf( &logger, "   SCD40 - Serial Number : %.4d-%.4d-%.4d \r\n", 
                ( uint16_t ) ser_num[ 0 ], ( uint16_t ) ser_num[ 1 ], ( uint16_t ) ser_num[ 2 ] );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
    hvac_scd40_get_feature_set_version( &hvac, &version_data );
    log_printf( &logger, "     SCD40 - Features     \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " Product Type    : %d \r\n", ( uint16_t ) version_data.product_type );
    log_printf( &logger, " Platform Type   : %d \r\n", ( uint16_t ) version_data.platform_type );
    log_printf( &logger, " Product Version : %d.%d \r\n", 
                ( uint16_t ) version_data.product_major_version, 
                ( uint16_t ) version_data.product_minor_version );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
    
    hvac_sps30_start_measurement ( &hvac );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    hvac_scd40_send_cmd( &hvac, HVAC_MEASURE_SINGLE_SHOT );
    Delay_ms( 5000 );
    
    hvac_scd40_read_measurement( &hvac, &hvac_data );
    Delay_ms( 100 );

    log_printf( &logger, " CO2 Concent = %d \r\n ", hvac_data.co2_concent );

    log_printf( &logger, " Temperature = %.2f C \r\n", hvac_data.temperature );

    log_printf( &logger, " R. Humidity = %.2f %% \r\n", hvac_data.r_humidity );
    log_printf( &logger, "- - - - - - - - - - - - -  \r\n" );
        
    while ( HVAC_SPS30_NEW_DATA_IS_READY != hvac_sps30_get_ready_flag( &hvac ) );
    
    
    log_printf( &logger, "   Mass Concentration :   \r\n" );
    hvac_sps30_read_measured_data( &hvac, &sps30_data );
    Delay_ms( 100 );

    log_printf( &logger, " PM 1.0 = %.2f ug/m3 \r\n", sps30_data.mass_pm_1_0 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 2.5 = %.2f ug/m3 \r\n", sps30_data.mass_pm_2_5 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 4.0 = %.2f ug/m3 \r\n", sps30_data.mass_pm_4_0 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 10  = %.2f ug/m3 \r\n", sps30_data.mass_pm_10 );
    log_printf( &logger, "-   -   -   -   -   -   - \r\n" );

    log_printf( &logger, "  Number Concentration :  \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 0.5 = %.2f n/cm3 \r\n", sps30_data.num_pm_0_5 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 1.0 = %.2f n/cm3 \r\n", sps30_data.num_pm_1_0 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 2.5 = %.2f n/cm3 \r\n", sps30_data.num_pm_2_5 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 4.0 = %.2f n/cm3 \r\n", sps30_data.num_pm_4_0 );
    log_printf( &logger, " PM 10  = %.2f n/cm3 \r\n", sps30_data.num_pm_10 );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 2000 );
}

void main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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