Intermediate
20 min

Enable NFC integration across applications with PN7160B1HN/C100E and STM32F031K6

Near Field Communication (NFC) solution with SPI interface compliant with NFC Forum and NCI 2.0 standards

NFC 7 Click - SPI with Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Published Jan 22, 2025

Click board™

NFC 7 Click - SPI

Dev. board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F031K6

High-sensitivity NFC functionality with low power requirements, ideal for mobile devices and smart home gateways

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

NFC 7 Click is based on the PN7160, a Near Field Communication (NFC) controller from NXP. This versatile NFC solution is designed to comply with NFC Forum and NCI 2.0 standards, offering robust integration for a wide range of NFC-enabled applications. This version of NFC 7 Click communicates with the host MCU exclusively through an SPI interface (PN7160B1HN/C100E) and provides an optimized architecture for low-power consumption. The PN7160 features multiple power-saving modes, including a Hard Power-Down state, a firmware-activated Standby state, and a low-power polling loop for automatic device discovery to ensure efficient energy use across various operating scenarios. NFC 7 Click is particularly well-suited for portable and low-power applications where reliable NFC functionality is essential, including mobile devices, wearable technology, personal digital assistants, consumer electronics, and smart home gateways. At its core, the PN7160 incorporates a new generation RF contactless front-end, supporting transmission modes compliant with NFCIP-1 and NFCIP-2, as well as ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 15693, MIFARE,

and FeliCa standards. This advanced design significantly enhances performance by delivering higher sensitivity and active load modulation capabilities. These improvements allow NFC 7 Click to maintain reliable communication even with small antenna designs, such as the one integrated into this board. The PN7160 introduces Enhanced Dynamic Load Modulation Amplitude (DLMA), which adapts the modulation amplitude dynamically based on external field strength. This feature extends communication distances in card emulation mode, ensuring independent phase adjustments for Type A, B, and F communication with 5° precision. Additionally, dynamic power control enables the board to operate at maximum power in reader mode without surpassing standard-defined limits, even at zero distance. In standalone card functionality, the PN7160 can operate autonomously once configured by the host MCU, allowing Passive Integrated Circuit Card (PICC) features to function without requiring the host to remain powered on. This makes NFC 7 Click an ideal solution for energy-efficient and always-on NFC applications. As mentioned, NFC 7 Click uses

a standard SPI communication protocol, allowing the host MCU to control the PN7160 with clock frequencies up to 7MHz. At the back of the board features a set of resistors that need to be populated depending on the board version; in this case, only the resistors in the SPI positions are populated, as required for SPI functionality. Besides the interface pins, NFC 7 Click incorporates the VEN pin, which places the device into Hard Power-Down mode to conserve energy when not in use. It also uses the IRQ pin to handle interrupt requests, providing a mechanism for the host MCU to respond promptly to events such as tag detection, completed operations, or errors, enhancing the overall responsiveness and efficiency of NFC-based applications. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

NFC 7 Click (SPI) hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU board provides an affordable and flexible platform for experimenting with STM32 microcontrollers in 32-pin packages. Featuring Arduino™ Nano connectivity, it allows easy expansion with specialized shields, while being mbed-enabled for seamless integration with online resources. The

board includes an on-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer, supporting USB reenumeration with three interfaces: Virtual Com port, mass storage, and debug port. It offers a flexible power supply through either USB VBUS or an external source. Additionally, it includes three LEDs (LD1 for USB communication, LD2 for power,

and LD3 as a user LED) and a reset push button. The STM32 Nucleo-32 board is supported by various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as IAR™, Keil®, and GCC-based IDEs like AC6 SW4STM32, making it a versatile tool for developers.

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

32

RAM (Bytes)

4096

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is the perfect way to expand your development board's functionalities with STM32 Nucleo-32 pinout. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 provides two mikroBUS™ sockets to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™. We are fully stocked with everything, from sensors and WiFi transceivers to motor control and audio amplifiers. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is compatible with the STM32 Nucleo-32 board, providing an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new ideas and quickly create prototypes with any STM32 microcontrollers, choosing from the various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The STM32 Nucleo-32 boards do not require any separate probe as they integrate the ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer and come with the STM32 comprehensive software HAL library and various packaged software examples. This development platform provides users with an effortless and common way to combine the STM32 Nucleo-32 footprint compatible board with their favorite Click boards™ in their upcoming projects.

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 accessories 1 image

RFID tag operating at 13.56MHz adheres to the ISO14443-A standard, ensuring high-frequency communication. This proximity card technology, often exemplified by MIFARE cards, facilitates secure and contactless interactions in applications like access control, public transport, and payment systems. The ISO14443-A standard defines the communication protocol, incorporating anti-collision mechanisms for simultaneous card handling. These RFID tags possess variable memory capacities, ranging from a few bytes to kilobytes, catering to diverse application needs. Ensuring data security, the standard integrates features such as encryption and authentication. These tags, exemplified by MIFARE technology, are widely used for their efficiency and are vital in enhancing convenience and security in diverse identification and access scenarios.

NFC 7 Click - SPI accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
Reset
PA11
RST
SPI Select / ID COMM
PA4
CS
SPI Clock
PB3
SCK
SPI Data OUT
PB4
MISO
SPI Data IN
PB5
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
Hard Power-Down Mode
PA8
PWM
Interrupt Request
PA12
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

NFC 7 Click - SPI Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly
Nucleo 144 with STM32L4A6ZG MCU front image hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Nucleo-32 with STM32 MCU Access MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
STM32 M4 Clicker HA MCU/Select Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

NFC 7 Click - SPI demo application is developed using the NECTO Studio, ensuring compatibility with mikroSDK's open-source libraries and tools. Designed for plug-and-play implementation and testing, the demo is fully compatible with all development, starter, and mikromedia boards featuring a mikroBUS™ socket.

Example Description
This example demonstrates the use of NFC 7 SPI Click board by handling the detection and processing of various NFC technologies and protocols, and ensuring the application can respond to different NFC card types (A,B,F,V).

Key functions:

  • nfc7spi_cfg_setup - Config Object Initialization function.

  • nfc7spi_init - Initialization function.

  • nfc7spi_default_cfg - Click Default Configuration function.

  • nfc7spi_wait_discovery - This function waits until remote NFC device is discovered.

  • nfc7spi_presence_check - This function waits until the discovered target device is removed.

  • nfc7spi_stop_discovery - This function stops the RF discovery process.

Application Init
Initializes the driver and logger, performs the Click default configuration and reads the device firmware version.

Application Task
Waits for an NFC device to be discovered, checks if it supports a known NFC technology, and then handles the device based on its protocol. The application continues processing the device (reading and writing information) and waits until the card is removed. Once the card is removed, the discovery process is restarted to detect a new NFC device.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of NFC 7 SPI Click board by handling the detection
 * and processing of various NFC technologies and protocols, and ensuring the application
 * can respond to different NFC card types (A,B,F,V).
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and logger, performs the Click default configuration and
 * reads the device firmware version.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Waits for an NFC device to be discovered, checks if it supports a known NFC technology, 
 * and then handles the device based on its protocol. The application continues processing
 * the device (reading and writing information) and waits until the card is removed.
 * Once the card is removed, the discovery process is restarted to detect a new NFC device.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "nfc7spi.h"

static nfc7spi_t nfc7spi;
static log_t logger;

/**
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI handle ISO14443-3A function.
 * @details This function handles discovered ISO14443-3A / Type 2 Tag (T2T) card by performing
 * read/write data to memory block 32.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #nfc7spi_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_3a ( nfc7spi_t *ctx );

/**
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI handle ISO14443-4 function.
 * @details This function handles discovered ISO14443-4 (ISO-DEP) card by selecting the PPSE
 * (Paypass Payment System Environment) application.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #nfc7spi_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_4 ( nfc7spi_t *ctx );

/**
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI handle ISO15693 function.
 * @details This function handles discovered ISO15693 card by performing read/write data
 * to memory block 32.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #nfc7spi_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void nfc7spi_handle_iso15693 ( nfc7spi_t *ctx );

/**
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI handle mifare function.
 * @details This function handles discovered MIFARE card by performing read/write data
 * to memory block 32.
 * @param[in] ctx : Click context object.
 * See #nfc7spi_t object definition for detailed explanation.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void nfc7spi_handle_mifare ( nfc7spi_t *ctx );

/**
 * @brief NFC 7 SPI display card info function.
 * @details This function parses and displays the discovered card info on the USB UART.
 * @param[in] rf_intf : Discovered NFC remote device properties.
 * @return None.
 * @note None.
 */
static void nfc7spi_display_card_info ( nfc7spi_rf_intf_t rf_intf );

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    nfc7spi_cfg_t nfc7spi_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    nfc7spi_cfg_setup( &nfc7spi_cfg );
    NFC7SPI_MAP_MIKROBUS( nfc7spi_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( SPI_MASTER_ERROR == nfc7spi_init( &nfc7spi, &nfc7spi_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( NFC7SPI_ERROR == nfc7spi_default_cfg ( &nfc7spi ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, " FW version: %.2X.%.2X.%.2X\r\n", 
                ( uint16_t ) nfc7spi.fw_version[ 0 ], 
                ( uint16_t ) nfc7spi.fw_version[ 1 ], 
                ( uint16_t ) nfc7spi.fw_version[ 2 ] );
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    nfc7spi_rf_intf_t rf_intf;
    log_printf( &logger, " WAITING FOR DEVICE DISCOVERY\r\n\n" );
    if ( NFC7SPI_OK == nfc7spi_wait_discovery ( &nfc7spi, &rf_intf ) )
    {
        if ( ( NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_A == rf_intf.mode_tech ) || 
             ( NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_B == rf_intf.mode_tech ) || 
             ( NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_F == rf_intf.mode_tech ) || 
             ( NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_15693 == rf_intf.mode_tech ) )
        {
            for ( ; ; )
            {
                nfc7spi_display_card_info ( rf_intf );

                switch ( rf_intf.protocol )
                {
                    case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T2T:
                    {
                        nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_3a ( &nfc7spi );
                        break;
                    }
                    case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_ISODEP:
                    {
                        nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_4 ( &nfc7spi );
                        break;
                    }
                    case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T5T:
                    {
                        nfc7spi_handle_iso15693 ( &nfc7spi );
                        break;
                    }
                    case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_MIFARE:
                    {
                        nfc7spi_handle_mifare ( &nfc7spi );
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if ( !rf_intf.more_tags )
                {
                    break;
                }
                nfc7spi_reader_act_next ( &nfc7spi, &rf_intf );
            }
            
            nfc7spi_presence_check ( &nfc7spi, &rf_intf );
            log_printf ( &logger, " - CARD REMOVED\r\n\n" );

            nfc7spi_stop_discovery ( &nfc7spi );
            while ( NFC7SPI_OK != nfc7spi_start_discovery ( &nfc7spi ) );
        }
        else
        {
            log_printf ( &logger, " - WRONG DISCOVERY\r\n\n" );
        }
    }
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

static void nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_3a ( nfc7spi_t *ctx )
{
    #define BLK_NB_ISO14443_3A      32
    #define DATA_WRITE_ISO14443_3A  0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44
    uint8_t rd_block[ ] = { NFC7SPI_T2T_CMD_READ, BLK_NB_ISO14443_3A };
    uint8_t wr_block[ ] = { NFC7SPI_T2T_CMD_WRITE, BLK_NB_ISO14443_3A, DATA_WRITE_ISO14443_3A };
    err_t error_flag = NFC7SPI_OK;

    // Read block
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_NCI_STAT_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 1 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 1 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < 4; cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );

    // Write block
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( wr_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, wr_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || ( NFC7SPI_T2T_ACK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 0 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Write block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) wr_block[ 1 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Block %u written\r\n", ( uint16_t ) wr_block[ 1 ] );
    
    // Read back block
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_NCI_STAT_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 1 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 1 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < 4; cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
}

static void nfc7spi_handle_iso14443_4 ( nfc7spi_t *ctx )
{
    err_t error_flag = NFC7SPI_OK;

    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = strlen ( NFC7SPI_T4T_PPSE_APDU ) + 6;
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 0 ] = NFC7SPI_T4T_CLA_NO_SECURE;
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 1 ] = NFC7SPI_T4T_INS_SELECT;
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 2 ] = NFC7SPI_T4T_P1_SELECT_BY_NAME;
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 3 ] = NFC7SPI_T4T_P2_ONLY_OCCURANCE;
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 4 ] = strlen ( NFC7SPI_T4T_PPSE_APDU );
    memcpy ( &ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 5 ], NFC7SPI_T4T_PPSE_APDU, strlen ( NFC7SPI_T4T_PPSE_APDU ) );
    ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] = NFC7SPI_T4T_LE_RSP_MAY_PRESENT;
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_T4T_RSP_COMPLETE_1 != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ] ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_T4T_RSP_COMPLETE_2 != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Select PPSE failed with error %.2X %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Select PPSE Application succeed\r\n" );
}

static void nfc7spi_handle_iso15693 ( nfc7spi_t *ctx )
{
    #define BLK_NB_ISO15693     32
    #define DATA_WRITE_ISO15693 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44
    uint8_t rd_block[ ] = { NFC7SPI_ISO15693_FLAG_DR_HIGH, NFC7SPI_ISO15693_CMD_READ_SINGLE, BLK_NB_ISO15693 };
    uint8_t wr_block[ ] = { NFC7SPI_ISO15693_FLAG_DR_HIGH, NFC7SPI_ISO15693_CMD_WRITE_SINGLE, 
                            BLK_NB_ISO15693, DATA_WRITE_ISO15693 };
    err_t error_flag = NFC7SPI_OK;

    // Read
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_ISO15693_RSP_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < ( ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ); cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt + 1 ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );

    // Write
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( wr_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, wr_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_ISO15693_RSP_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Write block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) wr_block[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Block %u written\r\n", ( uint16_t ) wr_block[ 2 ] );
    
    // Read back
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_ISO15693_RSP_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < ( ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ); cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt + 1 ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
}

static void nfc7spi_handle_mifare ( nfc7spi_t *ctx )
{
    #define BLK_NB_MFC      32 // Do not use first 4 blocks and sector trailer blocks (7, 11, 15, etc)
    #define KEY_MFC         0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
    #define DATA_WRITE_MFC  0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE, 0xFF
    uint8_t authenticate[ ] = { NFC7SPI_MFC_REQ_AUTHENTICATE, BLK_NB_MFC / 4, NFC7SPI_MFC_KEY_SELECTOR_A_EMB, KEY_MFC };
    uint8_t rd_block[ ] = { NFC7SPI_MFC_REQ_XCHG_DATA, NFC7SPI_MFC_CMD_READ, BLK_NB_MFC };
    uint8_t wr_part1[ ] = { NFC7SPI_MFC_REQ_XCHG_DATA, NFC7SPI_MFC_CMD_WRITE, BLK_NB_MFC };
    uint8_t wr_part2[ ] = { NFC7SPI_MFC_REQ_XCHG_DATA, DATA_WRITE_MFC };
    err_t error_flag = NFC7SPI_OK;

    if ( ( BLK_NB_MFC < 4 ) || ( 3 == ( BLK_NB_MFC % 4 ) ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Block %u is a sector trailer block\r\n", ( uint16_t ) BLK_NB_MFC );
        return;
    }
    // Authenticate
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( authenticate );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, authenticate, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_NCI_STAT_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Authenticate sector %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) authenticate[ 1 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Authenticate sector %u succeed\r\n", ( uint16_t ) authenticate[ 1 ] );

    // Read block
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_NCI_STAT_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < ( ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ); cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt + 1 ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );

    // Write block
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( wr_part1 );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, wr_part1, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || ( NFC7SPI_MFC_ACK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Write block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) wr_part1[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( wr_part2 );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, wr_part2, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || ( NFC7SPI_MFC_ACK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Write block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) wr_part1[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Block %u written\r\n", ( uint16_t ) wr_part1[ 2 ] );
    
    // Read back
    ctx->pkt_data.payload_len = sizeof ( rd_block );
    memcpy ( ctx->pkt_data.payload, rd_block, ctx->pkt_data.payload_len );
    error_flag = nfc7spi_reader_tag_cmd ( ctx, &ctx->pkt_data );
    if ( ( NFC7SPI_OK != error_flag ) || 
         ( NFC7SPI_NCI_STAT_OK != ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] ) )
    {
        log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u failed with error %.2X\r\n", 
                     ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ], 
                     ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 1 ] );
        return;
    }
    log_printf ( &logger, " Read block %u: ", ( uint16_t ) rd_block[ 2 ] );
    for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < ( ctx->pkt_data.payload_len - 2 ); cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) ctx->pkt_data.payload[ cnt + 1 ] );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
}

static void nfc7spi_display_card_info ( nfc7spi_rf_intf_t rf_intf )
{
    switch ( rf_intf.protocol )
    {
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T1T:
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T2T:
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T3T:
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_ISODEP:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " - POLL MODE: Remote T%uT activated\r\n", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.protocol );
            break;
        }
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_T5T:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " - POLL MODE: Remote ISO15693 card activated\r\n" );
            break;
        }
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_PROT_MIFARE:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " - POLL MODE: Remote MIFARE card activated\r\n" );
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " - POLL MODE: Undetermined target\r\n" );
            return;
        }
    }

    switch ( rf_intf.mode_tech )
    {
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_A:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "\tSENS_RES = %.2X %.2X\r\n", 
                        ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_app.sens_res[ 0 ], 
                        ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_app.sens_res[ 1 ] );
            log_printf( &logger, "\tNFCID = " );
            for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < rf_intf.info.nfc_app.nfc_id_len; cnt++ )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_app.nfc_id[ cnt ] );
            }
            log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
            if ( 0 != rf_intf.info.nfc_app.sel_res_len )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "\tSEL_RES = %.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_app.sens_res[ 0 ] );
            }
            break;
        }
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_B:
        {
            if ( 0 != rf_intf.info.nfc_bpp.sens_res_len )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "\tSENS_RES = " );
                for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < rf_intf.info.nfc_bpp.sens_res_len; cnt++ )
                {
                    log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_bpp.sens_res[ cnt ] );
                }
                log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
            }
            break;
        }
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_NFC_F:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "\tBitrate = %s\r\n", ( char * ) 
                        ( ( 1 == rf_intf.info.nfc_fpp.bitrate ) ? "212" : "424" ) );
            if ( 0 != rf_intf.info.nfc_fpp.sens_res_len )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "\tSENS_RES = " );
                for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < rf_intf.info.nfc_fpp.sens_res_len; cnt++ )
                {
                    log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_fpp.sens_res[ cnt ] );
                }
                log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
            }
            break;
        }
        case NFC7SPI_NCI_RF_TECH_PASSIVE_POLL_15693:
        {
            log_printf( &logger, "\tID = " );
            for ( uint8_t cnt = 0; cnt < sizeof ( rf_intf.info.nfc_vpp.id ); cnt++ )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_vpp.id[ cnt ] );
            }
            log_printf( &logger, "\r\n" );
            log_printf( &logger, "\tAFI = %.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_vpp.afi );
            log_printf( &logger, "\tDSFID = %.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) rf_intf.info.nfc_vpp.dsf_id );
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

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