Beginner
10 min

Achieve real-time data exchange over extended distances with MAX1471 and ATmega644

Revolutionize your wireless world: Discover the power of sub-GHz RF technology!

ISM RX Click with EasyAVR v7

Published Nov 09, 2023

Click board™

ISM RX Click

Dev Board

EasyAVR v7

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega644

Our sub-GHz ISM RF receiver empowers seamless long-range communication for IoT devices, bridging the gap where others fall short.

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

ISM RX Click is based on the MAX1471, a low-power CMOS superheterodyne receiver for ASK and FSK data without reconfiguration from Analog Devices. It includes all the active components, such as a low-noise amplifier, an image-reject mixer, a fully integrated PLL, a 10.7MHz IF limiting amplifier received-signal strength indicator, a low-noise FM demodulator, and a 3V voltage regulator. The MAX1471 can achieve data rates as high as 33kbps using Manchester Code (66kbps nonreturn to zero), depending on signal power and component selection. As mentioned, this Click board™ can receive both ASK and FSK data simultaneously. This feature of the MAX1471 can be achieved and selected with the switch labeled DMOD SEL that allows the selection between ASK and FSK data. The MAX1471 receives binary FSK or ASK

data at 433.92MHz, set based on the used components. ASK modulation uses a difference in the carrier's amplitude to represent logic 0 and logic 1 data, while the FSK uses the difference in frequency of the carrier. Differential peak-detecting data demodulators are available for FSK and ASK analog baseband data recovery. The MAX1471 consists of a discontinuous Receive mode for low-power operation, configured through a serial interface. This mode also allows self-polling, where the MAX1471 can stay in Sleep mode for as long as eight minutes and wake the system MCU, offering additional power savings. On the consumption side, it draws less than 1.1µA in Shutdown and only 7mA in Receive mode. ISM RX Click communicates with MCU using a standard SPI interface and possesses the SMA

antenna connector with an impedance of 50Ω. This Click board™ can use the appropriate antenna that Mikroe has in its offer for improved range and received signal strength. This Click board™ operates only with a 5V logic voltage from the mikroBUS™ socket. Still, the MAX1471 power supply offers the possibility of using both 3V, obtained by the NCP170 voltage regulator, and 5V logic voltage level selected via the HVIN SEL jumpers. Note that all the jumpers must be placed on the same side, or the Click board™ may become unresponsive. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

ISM RX Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

EasyAVR v7 is the seventh generation of AVR development boards specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports a wide range of 16-bit AVR microcontrollers from Microchip and has a broad set of unique functions, such as a powerful onboard mikroProg programmer and In-Circuit debugger over USB. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements in one place, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others. With four different connectors for each port, EasyAVR v7 allows you to connect accessory boards, sensors, and custom electronics more

efficiently than ever. Each part of the EasyAVR v7 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An integrated mikroProg, a fast USB 2.0 programmer with mikroICD hardware In-Circuit Debugger, offers many valuable programming/debugging options and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment. Besides it also includes a clean and regulated power supply block for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including an external 12V power supply, 7-12V AC or 9-15V DC via DC connector/screw terminals, and a power source via the USB Type-B (USB-B)

connector. Communication options such as USB-UART and RS-232 are also included, alongside the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, three display options (7-segment, graphical, and character-based LCD), and several different DIP sockets which cover a wide range of 16-bit AVR MCUs. EasyAVR v7 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

EasyAVR v7 horizontal image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

ATmega644

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

64

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

40

RAM (Bytes)

4096

You complete me!

Accessories

Right angle 433MHz rubber antenna boasts a frequency range of 433MHz, ensuring optimal performance within this spectrum. With a 50Ohm impedance, it facilitates efficient signal transmission. The antenna's vertical polarization enhances signal reception in a specific orientation. Featuring a 1.5dB gain, it can improve signal strength to some extent. The antenna can handle a maximum input power of 50W, making it suitable for various applications. Its compact 50mm length minimizes spatial requirements. Equipped with an SMA male connector, it easily interfaces with compatible devices. This antenna is an adaptable solution for wireless communication needs, particularly when vertical polarization is crucial.

ISM RX Click accessories image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
SPI Chip Select
PA5
CS
SPI Clock
PB7
SCK
SPI Data OUT
PB6
MISO
SPI Data IN
PB5
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Schematic

ISM RX Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

EasyAVR v7 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the EasyAVR v7 as your development board.

EasyAVR v7 front image hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly
MCU DIP 40 hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
EasyAVR v7 Access DIP MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
NECTO Compiler Selection Step Image hardware assembly
NECTO Output Selection Step Image hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Necto DIP image step 7 hardware assembly
EasyPIC PRO v7a Display Selection Necto Step hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Necto PreFlash Image hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output via UART Mode

1. Once the code example is loaded, pressing the "FLASH" button initiates the build process, and programs it on the created setup.

2. After the programming is completed, click on the Tools icon in the upper-right panel, and select the UART Terminal.

3. After opening the UART Terminal tab, first check the baud rate setting in the Options menu (default is 115200). If this parameter is correct, activate the terminal by clicking the "CONNECT" button.

4. Now terminal status changes from Disconnected to Connected in green, and the data is displayed in the Received data field.

UART_Application_Output

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for ISM RX Click driver.

Key functions:

  • ismrx_generic_write - ISM RX data writing function.

  • ismrx_master_reset - This sends command for resetting device.

  • ismrx_get_data - ISM RX get miso pin state.

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief ISMRX Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This application shows capability of ISM RX Click board.
 * It sets default configuration, and collects and processes
 * data from signal that received from ISM TX Click board.
 * It can collect and process data from 2 type of the signal
 * modulation( FSK and ASK ).
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initialization of log and communication, set's signal
 * modulation(FSK/ASK), recive mode(continuous/discontinuous),
 * default configuration for selected modulation, and
 * reinitializes device for receiving mode.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Collects samples of data from data line(MISO) when buffer
 * is full converts samples to manchester encoded data,
 * and checks for preamble(sync) data. If data is valid
 * decodes data and converts bits to valid data and logs
 * result of received decoded data.
 *
 * ## Additional Function
 * - static void clear_buffers ( void )
 * - static void wait_for_data ( void )
 * - static void man_to_hex_array ( void )
 *
 * @author Luka Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "ismrx.h"

static ismrx_t ismrx;
static log_t logger;

#define MAN_BUF_SIZE                    300
#define DATA_BUF_SIZE                   50

#define PREAMBLE_STRING                 "0101010101010101"

static uint8_t manchester_buf[ MAN_BUF_SIZE ];
static uint8_t data_buf[ DATA_BUF_SIZE ];

static uint16_t manchester_cnt          = 0;
static uint16_t data_cnt                = 0;

/**
 * @brief Clears app buffers.
 * @details This function clears application buffer and resets counters.
 * @return Nothing.
 */
static void clear_buffers ( void );

/**
 * @brief Waits for data start sequence.
 * @details This function waits for data start sequence.
 * @return Nothing.
 */
static void wait_for_data ( void );

/**
 * @brief Converts manchester_buf to data_buf hex array.
 * @details This function converts manchester_buf to data_buf hex array.
 * @return Nothing.
 */
static void man_to_hex_array ( void );

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    ismrx_cfg_t ismrx_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /**
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
     * need to define them manually for log to work.
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    ismrx_cfg_setup( &ismrx_cfg );
    ISMRX_MAP_MIKROBUS( ismrx_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( SPI_MASTER_ERROR == ismrx_init( &ismrx, &ismrx_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );

    ismrx_master_reset( &ismrx );

    ismrx.modulation = ISMRX_MODULATION_FSK;
    ismrx.receive_mode = ISMRX_RECEIVE_MODE_RX;

    if ( ismrx_default_cfg ( &ismrx ) < 0 )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, select signal modulation and/or receive mode... " );
        for ( ; ; );
    }

    if ( ismrx_task_init( &ismrx, &ismrx_cfg ) < 0 )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Task Error. " );
    }

    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );

    if ( ISMRX_RECEIVE_MODE_DRX == ismrx.receive_mode )
    {
       ismrx_start_drx( &ismrx );
    }
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t transition = 0;
    
    clear_buffers ( );
    wait_for_data ( );
    Delay_50us ( );

    while ( manchester_cnt < MAN_BUF_SIZE )
    {
        transition = ismrx_get_data ( &ismrx );
        while ( transition == ismrx_get_data ( &ismrx ) );
        
        if ( transition )
        {
            manchester_buf[ manchester_cnt++ ] = '1';
            manchester_buf[ manchester_cnt++ ] = '0';
        }
        else
        {
            manchester_buf[ manchester_cnt++ ] = '0';
            manchester_buf[ manchester_cnt++ ] = '1';
        }
        Delay_500us ( );
        Delay_50us ( );
    }
    
    man_to_hex_array ( );
    
    for ( uint16_t byte_cnt = 0; byte_cnt < data_cnt; byte_cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "%.2X ", ( uint16_t ) data_buf[ byte_cnt ] );
    }

    if ( data_cnt )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "\r\n%s\r\n", &data_buf[ 2 ] );
    }
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

static void clear_buffers ( void )
{
    memset( manchester_buf, 0, MAN_BUF_SIZE );
    manchester_cnt = 0;
    memset( data_buf, 0, DATA_BUF_SIZE );
    data_cnt = 0;
}

static void wait_for_data ( void )
{
    uint16_t timeout_cnt = 0;
    while ( timeout_cnt < 30 )
    {
        if ( ismrx_get_data ( &ismrx ) )
        {
            timeout_cnt++;
        }
        else
        {
            timeout_cnt = 0;
        }
        Delay_50us ( );
    }
    while ( ismrx_get_data ( &ismrx ) );
}

static void man_to_hex_array ( void )
{
    uint16_t num_bytes_left = 0;
    uint16_t byte_cnt = 0;
    uint16_t bit_cnt = 0;
    uint8_t * __generic_ptr cmd_start;
    cmd_start = strstr( manchester_buf, PREAMBLE_STRING );
    memset ( data_buf, 0, sizeof ( data_buf ) );
    data_cnt = 0;
    if ( cmd_start )
    {
        num_bytes_left = ( manchester_cnt - ( cmd_start - manchester_buf ) );

        for ( byte_cnt = 0; ( ( byte_cnt < 2 ) && ( byte_cnt < DATA_BUF_SIZE ) ); byte_cnt++ )
        {
            for ( bit_cnt = 0; ( ( bit_cnt < 8 ) && ( num_bytes_left >= 2 ) ); bit_cnt++ )
            {
                if ( ( '0' == cmd_start[ byte_cnt * 16 + bit_cnt * 2 ] ) && 
                     ( '1' == cmd_start[ byte_cnt * 16 + bit_cnt * 2 + 1 ] ) )
                {
                    data_buf[ byte_cnt ] |= ( 1 << bit_cnt );
                }
                num_bytes_left -= 2;
            }
            data_cnt++;
        }
        
        for ( byte_cnt = 0; ( ( byte_cnt < data_buf[ 1 ] ) && ( ( byte_cnt + 2 ) < DATA_BUF_SIZE ) ); byte_cnt++ )
        {
            for ( bit_cnt = 0; ( ( bit_cnt < 8 ) && ( num_bytes_left >= 2 ) ); bit_cnt++ )
            {
                if ( ( '0' == cmd_start[ ( byte_cnt + 2 ) * 16 + bit_cnt * 2 ] ) && 
                     ( '1' == cmd_start[ ( byte_cnt + 2 ) * 16 + bit_cnt * 2 + 1 ] ) )
                {
                    data_buf[ byte_cnt + 2 ] |= ( 1 << bit_cnt );
                }
                num_bytes_left -= 2;
            }
            data_cnt++;
        }
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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