Achieve reliable movement or rotation encoding with TCUT1600X01 and PIC18F46K80
Decode moves with precision
Published Nov 01, 2023
Click board™
Opto encoder Click
Dev Board
Curiosity HPC
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
PIC18F46K80
Achieve unparalleled levels of precision and accuracy in your motion tracking and control systems
A
A
Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Opto encoder Click is based on the TCUT1600X01, a tall dome dual channel transmissive optical sensor with phototransistor outputs from Vishay. This sensor is equipped with one infrared LED with the wavelength of 950nm, and two phototransistors. These phototransistors are positioned behind two small slits on the sensor, on the opposite side of the LED. They form two separate channels. When the transistors get illuminated by the LED, they become conductive. The collectors of these transistors are connected to the same pin, while their emitters are routed to two separate output pins of the TCUT1600X01 - E1 and E2. This allows the activity on both channels to be detected by the host MCU. Since the signals of these two output channels are not enough to drive pins
on a host MCU, the Click board™ features two additional MOSFETs. These MOSFETs are also used to drive two additional LEDs, which indicate activity of each channel. E1 and E2 pins are routed to the MOSFET gate pins, while the MOSFET drains are routed to the mikroBUS™ PWM and INT pins. These pins are pulled to a LOW logic level by the pull-down resistors, to avoid floating. Signal encoding itself is done by the host MCU. Having two optical sensing channels, Opto Encoder click has the ability of both speed and direction encoding. The most common usage is encoding of the step motor position: a cylinder with slits is physically mounted above the sensor so that the LED can illuminate the phototransistors only through these slits. By rotating this cylinder,
the light beam will be blocked periodically. The single sensor output will be a pulse train, while the cylinder is rotating. Having two photo sensors physically distanced by a small amount, allows the pulse signal of the first sensor to be either delayed or expedited with respect to the pulse on the second sensor, depending on the rotational direction. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.
Features overview
Development board
Curiosity HPC, standing for Curiosity High Pin Count (HPC) development board, supports 28- and 40-pin 8-bit PIC MCUs specially designed by Microchip for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. This board has two unique PDIP sockets, surrounded by dual-row expansion headers, allowing connectivity to all pins on the populated PIC MCUs. It also contains a powerful onboard PICkit™ (PKOB), eliminating the need for an external programming/debugging tool, two mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, a USB connector, a set of indicator LEDs, push button switches and a variable potentiometer. All
these features allow you to combine the strength of Microchip and Mikroe and create custom electronic solutions more efficiently than ever. Each part of the Curiosity HPC development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An integrated onboard PICkit™ (PKOB) allows low-voltage programming and in-circuit debugging for all supported devices. When used with the MPLAB® X Integrated Development Environment (IDE, version 3.0 or higher) or MPLAB® Xpress IDE, in-circuit debugging allows users to run, modify, and troubleshoot their custom software and hardware
quickly without the need for additional debugging tools. Besides, it includes a clean and regulated power supply block for the development board via the USB Micro-B connector, alongside all communication methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports. Curiosity HPC development board allows you to create a new application in just a few steps. Natively supported by Microchip software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to many number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing daily.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
PIC
MCU Memory (KB)
64
Silicon Vendor
Microchip
Pin count
40
RAM (Bytes)
3648
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Curiosity HPC as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
After loading the code example, pressing the "DEBUG" button builds and programs it on the selected setup.
After programming is completed, a header with buttons for various actions available in the IDE appears. By clicking the green "PLAY "button, we start reading the results achieved with Click board™.
Upon completion of programming, the Application Output tab is automatically opened, where the achieved result can be read. In case of an inability to perform the Debug function, check if a proper connection between the MCU used by the setup and the CODEGRIP programmer has been established. A detailed explanation of the CODEGRIP-board connection can be found in the CODEGRIP User Manual. Please find it in the RESOURCES section.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Opto encoder Click driver.
Key functions:
optoencoder_getO1- Function for reading O1 stateoptoencoder_init_dev- Initialization functionoptoencoder_get_position- Function for reading the position of the encoder
Open Source
Code example
This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.
/*!
* \file
* \brief Opto Encoder Click example
*
* # Description
* This application is used to encode motion or rotation.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes driver and opto encoder.
*
* ## Application Task
* Depending on the direction of the movement it increments/decrements the step counter.
*
* \author MikroE Team
*
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "optoencoder.h"
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES
static optoencoder_t optoencoder;
static log_t logger;
static int16_t old_step = 0;
// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg;
optoencoder_cfg_t cfg;
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info(&logger, "---- Application Init ----");
// Click initialization.
optoencoder_cfg_setup( &cfg );
OPTOENCODER_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
optoencoder_init( &optoencoder, &cfg );
optoencoder_init_dev( &optoencoder );
}
void application_task ( )
{
int16_t new_step;
new_step = optoencoder_get_position( &optoencoder );
if ( old_step != new_step)
{
log_printf( &logger, "Step: %d \r\n", new_step );
old_step = new_step;
}
}
void main ( void )
{
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
