Bridge the voltage gap between I2C devices with LLC solution and PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Leveling up the logic: Precise I2C signal conversion!

Published Sep 21, 2023

Click board™

LLC-I2C Click

Dev. board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Empower your projects with the ability to seamlessly convert logic levels between I2C devices, optimizing communication, reducing compatibility issues, and simplifying the integration of components with varying voltage thresholds

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

LLC-I2C Click does not use an integrated circuit, as already mentioned. With ICs avoided completely, there are some benefits gained: the overall cost of the LLC circuit is greatly reduced, a more robust MOSFET solution reduces the failure rate, and when powered off, both the low voltage and the high voltage sides are isolated from one another (by non-conductive MOSFETs). This type of circuit is sometimes referred to as a level shifting or level translating circuit and it is often necessary when the I2C slave device (typically a sensor IC) uses different logic voltage levels for the I2C communication than the master device, which is a host microcontroller in most cases. The conversion of this circuitry is bi-directional, which makes it suitable to be used with the I2C communication protocol. The I2C protocol was first introduced by NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors), in 1982. They also introduced

an application note that explains the operation of the LLC circuit in more details. The circuit is divided into low-side and high-side sections for future reference, although the circuit is symmetrical and can be used in both directions. When there is no communication going on, both gates and sources of the MOSFETs are pulled up to their specific reference voltage levels. This will turn OFF both MOSFETs since there is no gate-source voltage difference (e.g. VG=VS=VSL). Since the I2C is operated by asserting its bus lines to a LOW logic level, when the source terminal of the MOSFET on one side (e.g. high-side) is driven to a LOW logic level, its VGS potential will rise since the gate voltage is fixed. When the VGS reaches the threshold voltage (1.2V typically for the used transistors), the MOSFET will turn ON, conducting current through the body diode of the opposite-side (low-side) MOSFET, which will become

directly polarized. This mechanism can be used to convert signal levels in both directions, within the whole operating range of the used MOSFETs. The reference voltage for the high-side can be selected by using the SMD jumper labeled as VCC SEL. The pull-up voltage for the high-side can be selected from the mikroBUS™ power rails, so it can be either 3.3V or 5V. For the low-side, an arbitrary reference voltage can be applied to the VSL pin of the J1 header, respecting the maximum voltage rating. J1 is the standard, 2.54mm pin-header. The low-side I2C bus pins are also routed to the J1 header, allowing an external device to be connected (using the standard wire-jumpers). As already mentioned, the low-side can actually use higher voltage levels than the master, but in most usage scenarios, it will be lower than the master, thus the terminology.

Features overview

Development board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit PIC32MZ microcontroller, the PIC32MZ2048EFH100 from Microchip, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, two USB connectors, LED indicators, buttons, debugger/programmer connectors, and two headers compatible with Arduino-UNO pinout. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology,

it allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and features quickly. Each part of the Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition, there is the possibility of choosing the Flip&Click PIC32MZ programming method, using the chipKIT bootloader (Arduino-style development environment) or our USB HID bootloader using mikroC, mikroBasic, and mikroPascal for PIC32. This kit includes a clean and regulated power supply block through the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. All communication

methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, user-configurable buttons, and LED indicators. Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit allows you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

Architecture

PIC32

MCU Memory (KB)

2048

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

100

RAM (Bytes)

524288

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

RST

SCK

MISO

MOSI

Power Supply

3.3V

Ground

GND

PWM

INT

I2C Clock

RA2

SCL

I2C Data

RA3

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Flip&Click PIC32MZ as your development board.

GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly

GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ MB1 Access - upright/background hardware assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly

Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly

Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for LLC-I2C Click driver.

Key functions:

llci2c_generic_write - This function writes data to the desired register
llci2c_generic_read - This function reads data from the desired register

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief LlcI2c Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This click can be utilized as the level converter for logic signals. The topology of this 
 * logic level conversion (LLC) circuit is perfectly suited for the bi-directional I2C communication.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initialization driver init
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Reads the temperature from the Thermo 7 click board and logs data to UART.
 * 
 * *note:* 
 * <pre>
 * Connection between Thermo 7 and I2C-LLC is made through I2C interface.
 * You can connect a Thermo 7 click and I2C-LLC click with the wires to make connection between click boards.
 * We use the Thermo 7 click to demonstrate the functions of the I2C-LLC click.
 * </pre> 
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "llci2c.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static llci2c_t llci2c;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    llci2c_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    llci2c_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    LLCI2C_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    llci2c_init( &llci2c, &cfg );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    // Thermo 7 measurement Temperature
    uint8_t write_reg = 0x00;
    uint8_t read_reg[ 2 ] = { 0 };
    
    float temp_msb;
    uint8_t temp_lsb;

    llci2c_generic_read ( &llci2c, write_reg, read_reg, 2 );
    
    temp_msb = read_reg[ 0 ];
    temp_lsb = read_reg[ 1 ] & 0xF0;

    if ( temp_lsb & 0x80 ) temp_msb += 0.50;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x40 ) temp_msb += 0.25;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x20 ) temp_msb += 0.125;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x10 ) temp_msb += 0.0625;

    log_info( &logger, " Ambient temperature : %.2f C", temp_msb );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief LlcI2c Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This click can be utilized as the level converter for logic signals. The topology of this 
 * logic level conversion (LLC) circuit is perfectly suited for the bi-directional I2C communication.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initialization driver init
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Reads the temperature from the Thermo 7 click board and logs data to UART.
 * 
 * *note:* 
 * <pre>
 * Connection between Thermo 7 and I2C-LLC is made through I2C interface.
 * You can connect a Thermo 7 click and I2C-LLC click with the wires to make connection between click boards.
 * We use the Thermo 7 click to demonstrate the functions of the I2C-LLC click.
 * </pre> 
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "llci2c.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static llci2c_t llci2c;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    llci2c_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    llci2c_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    LLCI2C_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    llci2c_init( &llci2c, &cfg );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    // Thermo 7 measurement Temperature
    uint8_t write_reg = 0x00;
    uint8_t read_reg[ 2 ] = { 0 };
    
    float temp_msb;
    uint8_t temp_lsb;

    llci2c_generic_read ( &llci2c, write_reg, read_reg, 2 );
    
    temp_msb = read_reg[ 0 ];
    temp_lsb = read_reg[ 1 ] & 0xF0;

    if ( temp_lsb & 0x80 ) temp_msb += 0.50;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x40 ) temp_msb += 0.25;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x20 ) temp_msb += 0.125;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x10 ) temp_msb += 0.0625;

    log_info( &logger, " Ambient temperature : %.2f C", temp_msb );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief LlcI2c Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This click can be utilized as the level converter for logic signals. The topology of this 
 * logic level conversion (LLC) circuit is perfectly suited for the bi-directional I2C communication.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initialization driver init
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Reads the temperature from the Thermo 7 click board and logs data to UART.
 * 
 * *note:* 
 * <pre>
 * Connection between Thermo 7 and I2C-LLC is made through I2C interface.
 * You can connect a Thermo 7 click and I2C-LLC click with the wires to make connection between click boards.
 * We use the Thermo 7 click to demonstrate the functions of the I2C-LLC click.
 * </pre> 
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "llci2c.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static llci2c_t llci2c;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    llci2c_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    llci2c_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    LLCI2C_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    llci2c_init( &llci2c, &cfg );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    // Thermo 7 measurement Temperature
    uint8_t write_reg = 0x00;
    uint8_t read_reg[ 2 ] = { 0 };
    
    float temp_msb;
    uint8_t temp_lsb;

    llci2c_generic_read ( &llci2c, write_reg, read_reg, 2 );
    
    temp_msb = read_reg[ 0 ];
    temp_lsb = read_reg[ 1 ] & 0xF0;

    if ( temp_lsb & 0x80 ) temp_msb += 0.50;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x40 ) temp_msb += 0.25;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x20 ) temp_msb += 0.125;
    if ( temp_lsb & 0x10 ) temp_msb += 0.0625;

    log_info( &logger, " Ambient temperature : %.2f C", temp_msb );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END