Beginner
10 min

Detect the presence or lack of motion with ADXL345 and PIC18F2458

Measure acceleration in three different directions

Accel Click with EasyPIC v8

Published Nov 01, 2023

Click board™

Accel Click

Dev Board

EasyPIC v8

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

PIC18F2458

Enhance your projects with accurate motion detection, capturing its speed and direction with precision

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Accel Click is based on the ADXL345, a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement system that operates at low power consumption levels from Analog Devices. It measures both dynamic accelerations, resulting from motion or shock, and static acceleration, such as gravity, and allows selectable full-scale acceleration measurements in ranges of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, or ±16g with a resolution of 4mg/LSB on the ±2g range. Acceleration is reported digitally, communicating via the SPI or the I2C protocol and providing 16-bit output resolution. Its high resolution also enables the measurement of inclination changes less than 1.0°. The ADXL345 supports several special sensing functions. Activity and inactivity sensing detect the presence or lack

of motion by comparing the acceleration on any axis with user-set thresholds, while tap sensing detects single and double taps in any direction. Besides, a free-fall sensing feature detects if the device is falling. All these functions can be mapped to the interrupt pin routed on the INT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket. Accel Click allows the use of both I2C and SPI interfaces. The selection can be made by positioning SMD jumpers labeled as COMM SEL in an appropriate position. Note that all the jumpers' positions must be on the same side, or the Click board™ may become unresponsive. While the I2C interface is selected, the ADXL345 allows choosing the least significant bit (LSB) of its I2C slave address using the SMD jumper labeled ADDR

SEL. An integrated memory management system with a 32-level first in, first out (FIFO) buffer can store data to minimize host processor activity and lower overall system power consumption. Low power modes enable intelligent motion-based power management with threshold sensing and active acceleration measurement at low power dissipation. This Click board™ can be operated only with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, it comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Accel Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

EasyPIC v8 is a development board specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports many high pin count 8-bit PIC microcontrollers from Microchip, regardless of their number of pins, and a broad set of unique functions, such as the first-ever embedded debugger/programmer. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others, in one place. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology, EasyPIC v8 provides a fluid and immersive working experience, allowing access anywhere and under any

circumstances at any time. Each part of the EasyPIC v8 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition to the advanced integrated CODEGRIP programmer/debugger module, which offers many valuable programming/debugging options and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment, the board also includes a clean and regulated power supply module for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including a battery, an external 12V power supply, and a power source via the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector.

Communication options such as USB-UART, USB DEVICE, and CAN are also included, including the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, two display options (graphical and character-based LCD), and several different DIP sockets. These sockets cover a wide range of 8-bit PIC MCUs, from the smallest PIC MCU devices with only eight up to forty pins. EasyPIC v8 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

EasyPIC v8 horizontal image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

PIC

MCU Memory (KB)

24

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

28

RAM (Bytes)

2048

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
ID SEL
RA0
RST
SPI Select / ID COMM
RA5
CS
SPI Clock
RC3
SCK
SPI Data OUT
RC4
MISO
SPI Data IN
RC5
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
RB1
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
RC3
SCL
I2C Data
RC4
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
2

Take a closer look

Schematic

Accel Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

EasyPIC v8 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the EasyPIC v8 as your development board.

EasyPIC v8 front image hardware assembly
Rotary B 2 Click front image hardware assembly
MCU DIP 28 hardware assembly
EasyPIC v8 28pin-DIP - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
NECTO Compiler Selection Step Image hardware assembly
NECTO Output Selection Step Image hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Necto DIP image step 7 hardware assembly
Necto image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Necto PreFlash Image hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Once the code example is loaded, pressing the "FLASH" button initiates the build process, and programs it on the created setup.

2. After the programming is completed, click on the Tools icon in the upper-right panel, and select the UART Terminal.

3. After opening the UART Terminal tab, first check the baud rate setting in the Options menu (default is 115200). If this parameter is correct, activate the terminal by clicking the "CONNECT" button.

4. Now terminal status changes from Disconnected to Connected in green, and the data is displayed in the Received data field.

UART_Application_Output

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Accel Click driver.

Key functions:

  • accel_read_x_axis - This function reads X axis value from Accel

  • accel_read_y_axis - This function reads Y axis value from Accel

  • accel_read_z_axis - This function reads Z axis value from Accel

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Accel Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Accel click board by reading and
 * displaying the accelerometer data (X, Y, and Z axis).
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes SPI/I2C driver and settings data read format,
 * power mode, FIFO control and baud rate ( 100Hz default ).
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Reads X, Y and Z axis and logs on usbuart every 100 ms.
 * 
 * \author Jovan Stajkovic
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "accel.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static accel_t accel;
static log_t logger;

static uint8_t tmp;
static int16_t val_x;
static int16_t val_y;
static int16_t val_z;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    accel_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    accel_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    ACCEL_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    accel_init( &accel, &cfg );

    accel_generic_read( &accel, ACCEL_REG_DEVID, &tmp, 1 );

    if ( tmp == ACCEL_DEVID )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "---- Comunication OK!!! ----\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "---- Comunication ERROR!!! ----\r\n" );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    accel_default_cfg ( &accel );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    val_x = accel_read_x_axis( &accel );
    log_printf( &logger, "Axis X : %.3f g\r\n", val_x / ACCEL_DATA_RES_LSB_PER_G );

    val_y = accel_read_y_axis( &accel );
    log_printf( &logger, "Axis Y : %.3f g\r\n", val_y / ACCEL_DATA_RES_LSB_PER_G );

    val_z = accel_read_z_axis( &accel );
    log_printf( &logger, "Axis Z : %.3f g\r\n", val_z / ACCEL_DATA_RES_LSB_PER_G );

    log_printf( &logger, "-------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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