Intermediate
30 min

Hear the difference with TAS5414C-Q1 and ATmega328P

From subtle rumblings to earth-shaking booms

AudioAmp 3 Click with Arduino UNO Rev3

Published Feb 14, 2024

Click board™

AudioAmp 3 Click

Dev. board

Arduino UNO Rev3

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega328P

Experience stereo brilliance and let our amplifier take your audio to new heights of clarity and depth

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

AudioAmp 3 Click is based on the TAS5414, an automotive stereo class-D audio amplifier from Texas Instruments. It has many features that make this IC a very attractive solution for stand-alone active speakers. It is very flexible regarding the PSU voltage: it can work with voltages within the range of 6V to 24V. Its nominal operating voltage used at the PSU connector (14.4V) can still deliver up to 28W of power per channel to 4Ω load. However, outputs can be paralleled (PBTL mode), reaching over 100W of power to the connected 2Ω speaker, with a low value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), at 24V power supply voltage. This Click board™ requires an external Power Supply Unit (PSU). It can use various power supply voltages, from 6V to 24V. AudioAmp 3 Click is a perfect solution for different kinds of active desktop speakers, battery-powered Bluetooth® and wireless speakers, TV sets and PC monitors, and other types of consumer audio equipment. Due to its high efficiency can even be used as a sound reinforcement solution for various IoT applications. The device communicates with the system processor via the I2C serial communication bus as an I2C slave-only device.

The processor can poll the device via I2C to determine the operating status. All fault conditions and detections are reported via I2C. Numerous features and operating conditions can also be set via I2C. The TAS5414 IC features a set of protections, including output short circuit, over-temperature, under-voltage, over-voltage protection, and more. These protections will be reported to the main MCU at the FLT pin if any of these are activated. The TAS5414 IC can also detect a constant DC current at the output. When a DC detection event occurs, the outputs are turned OFF, protecting the connected speakers. The output stage of the TAS5414 operates in Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) topology. This means there are two outputs per channel: inverted and non-inverted (OUTN and OUTP). Class-D amplifier produces the sound by modulating the pulse-with of the output voltage. While there is no input, OUTN and OUTP are in phase, with a 50% duty cycle. There is no current through the speaker in this case. The duty cycle will increase at the OUTP and decrease at the OUTN simultaneously when the positive half-phase of the audio signal is applied at the input. For the negative half-phase at the input, the opposite will happen.

The greater the difference in pulse width, the greater the current through the connected speaker. Muting the TAS5414 before cutting down the power supply reduces the pops and clicks that might appear. The FLT pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ CS pin labeled as INT on this Click board™ and pulled to a HIGH logic level by a resistor. The external PSU should be connected to the VIN terminal. A line-level audio source can be connected to the LINE IN 3.5mm jack stereo connector, while the speakers should be connected to the angled spring terminals labeled OUTL and OUTR. These terminals have their polarities marked on the top overlay. Although the TAS5414 requires an external PSU, this Click board™ can only be operated with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

AudioAmp 3 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the

first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.

Arduino UNO Rev3 double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

28

RAM (Bytes)

2048

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
Standby
PD2
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
Clipping Detect
PD6
PWM
Fault
PC3
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PC5
SCL
I2C Data
PC4
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

AudioAmp 3 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Arduino UNO Rev3 as your development board.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly
Arduino UNO Rev3 front image hardware assembly
Charger 27 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Charger 27 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Board mapper by product8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Arduino UNO MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for AudioAmp 3 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • void audioamp3_cfg_setup ( audioamp3_cfg_t *cfg ) - This function power up the audio amplifier
  • AUDIOAMP3_STATUS_T audioamp3_set_play_mode ( audioamp3_t *ctx ) - This function set the play mode for all channels
  • AUDIOAMP3_STATUS_T audioamp3_set_gain_lvl ( audioamp3_t *ctx, uint8_t gain_lvl ) - This function set the gain level for all channels

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief AudioAmp3 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * AudioAmp 3 Click is a stereo audio amplifier, capable of delivering
 * up to 79W per channel with the 4Ω load.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Application Init performs Logger and Click initialization.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * This is an example which demonstrates the use of AudioAmp 3 Click board.
 * In application task function is used that will increase volume of the sound
 * from MIN to MAX and reverse.
 * Results are being sent to the UART Terminal where you can track their changes.
 * 
 * \author Mihajlo Djordjevic
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "audioamp3.h"

uint8_t cnt;
uint8_t data_out[ 10 ];
uint8_t status_flag;

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static audioamp3_t audioamp3;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    audioamp3_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );
    Delay_ms ( 100 );

    //  Click initialization.

    audioamp3_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    AUDIOAMP3_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    audioamp3_init( &audioamp3, &cfg );
    
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "--- AudioAmp  3  Click ---\r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    
    audioamp3_power_up( &audioamp3 );
    log_printf( &logger, "          Power Up          \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_set_channel_low_to_low( &audioamp3, AUDIOAMP3_MASK_BIT_SEL_CH_1 );
    log_printf( &logger, " Set channel 1 low-low state \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_set_channel_low_to_low( &audioamp3, AUDIOAMP3_MASK_BIT_SEL_CH_2 );
    log_printf( &logger, " Set channel 2 low-low state \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_set_channel_mute_mode( &audioamp3, AUDIOAMP3_MASK_BIT_SEL_ALL_CH );
    log_printf( &logger, "      Mute All Channels     \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_run_channel_diagnostics( &audioamp3, AUDIOAMP3_MASK_BIT_SEL_ALL_CH );
    log_printf( &logger, "       Run Diagnostics      \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_hw_reset( &audioamp3 );
    log_printf( &logger, "       Hardware Reset       \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    audioamp3_read_all_diagnostics( &audioamp3, &data_out[ 0 ] );
    log_printf( &logger, "      Read Diagnostics      \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
    
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "    Initialization  done  \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    
    audioamp3_set_play_mode( &audioamp3 );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "            Play            \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    Delay_100ms();
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    for ( cnt = AUDIOAMP3_GAIN_VAL_MIN; cnt < AUDIOAMP3_GAIN_VAL_5; cnt++ )
    {
        status_flag = audioamp3_set_gain_lvl( &audioamp3, cnt );
        log_printf( &logger, "    -  Volume Up  -  \r\n" );
        Delay_ms ( 1000 ); 
        Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    }
    
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
    
    for ( cnt = AUDIOAMP3_GAIN_VAL_MAX; cnt > AUDIOAMP3_GAIN_VAL_0; cnt-- )
    {
        status_flag = audioamp3_set_gain_lvl( &audioamp3, cnt );
    
        log_printf( &logger, "    -  Volume Down  -  \r\n" );
        Delay_ms ( 1000 ); 
        Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    }
    
    log_printf( &logger, " ---------------------------\r\n\n" );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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