Intermediate
30 min

Enhance your audio experience with NAU8224 and STM32L073RZ

Bring your sound to life like never before

AudioAMP 11 Click with Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU

Published Feb 26, 2024

Click board™

AudioAMP 11 Click

Dev. board

Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32L073RZ

Unleash the full potential of your audio with this compact and high-performance amplifier

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

AudioAMP 11 Click is based on the NAU8224, a stereo Class-D audio amplifier from Nuvoton Technology. Besides an excellent quantity performance, such as high efficiency, the NAU8224 is also characterized by high output power and low quiescent current. It can drive a 4Ω load with up to 3.1W output power. This audio amplifier is designed to reduce high-frequency emissions with the ferrite bead filters on its outputs (speaker channels). The ferrite beads have a low impedance in the audio range, and because of that, they act as a pass-through filter in the audio frequency range. Furthermore, the NAU8224 has several

protection features like thermal overload, short circuit, and supply under-voltage protection allowing a reliable operation. This Click board™ communicates with MCU using the standard I2C 2-Wire interface to read data and configure settings, supporting a Fast Mode operation up to 400kHz. The NAU8224 can be enabled or disabled using the EN pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, offering a switch operation to turn ON/OFF the audio amplifier. In addition to its possible digital control, the NAU8224 also has several gain settings, such as 6dB, 12dB, 18dB, and 24dB, selectable via onboard switches labeled as GAIN SEL.

This audio amplifier also provides register-programmable volume control next to the hardware gain selection. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

AudioAMP 11 Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin

headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is

provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.

Nucleo 64 with STM32L073RZ MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

192

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

64

RAM (Bytes)

20480

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
Enable
PC12
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PB8
SCL
I2C Data
PB9
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

AudioAMP 11 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image hardware assembly
Nucleo 64 with STM32F401RE MCU front image hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Nucleo-64 with STM32XXX MCU Access MB 1 Mini B Conn - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 HA MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for AudioAMP 11 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • audioamp11_enable_device AudioAMP 11 enable device function.

  • audioamp11_check_gain AudioAMP 11 check gain function.

  • audioamp11_set_output_volume_level AudioAMP 11 set output volume level function.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief AudioAMP 11 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This library contains API for the AudioAMP 11 click driver.
 * This demo application shows use of a AudioAMP 11 click board™.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initialization of I2C module and log UART.
 * After driver initialization the app set default settings, 
 * performs power-up sequence, sets the volume level to 0.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * This example demonstrates the use of the AudioAMP 11 click board™.
 * If GAIN SEL switches are set to 12dB, the app performs circles 
 * switching the volume from -20.5 dB to 12 dB.
 * If the GAIN SEL switches are different, the app sets the volume level to 31 (maximum).
 * Results are being sent to the UART Terminal, where you can track their changes.
 *
 * @author Nenad Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "audioamp11.h"

static audioamp11_t audioamp11;
static log_t logger;
uint8_t vol_ctrl = AUDIOAMP11_GS_12dB_VOLCTRL_m20_5dB;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    audioamp11_cfg_t audioamp11_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    audioamp11_cfg_setup( &audioamp11_cfg );
    AUDIOAMP11_MAP_MIKROBUS( audioamp11_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == audioamp11_init( &audioamp11, &audioamp11_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( AUDIOAMP11_ERROR == audioamp11_default_cfg ( &audioamp11 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
    log_printf( &logger, "----------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t gain_level = 0;
    uint8_t volume_level = 0;
    
    audioamp11_check_gain( &audioamp11, &gain_level );
    log_printf( &logger, " Gain set to %d dB\r\n", AUDIOAMP11_CALC_GAIN_CONFIG( gain_level ) );
    
    if ( AUDIOAMP11_GAINDEC_12dB == gain_level )
    {
        float volume_table[ 32 ] = { OUTPUT_VOLUME_12dB };
        audioamp11_set_output_volume_level( &audioamp11, vol_ctrl );
        Delay_ms( 100 );
        
        if ( vol_ctrl > AUDIOAMP11_GS_12dB_VOLCTRL_12dB )
        {
            vol_ctrl--;
        }
        else
        {
            vol_ctrl = AUDIOAMP11_GS_12dB_VOLCTRL_m20_5dB;
        }
        
        audioamp11_get_output_volume_level( &audioamp11, &volume_level );
        log_printf( &logger, " Volume set to  %.1f dB\r\n", volume_table[ volume_level ] );
    }
    else
    {
        audioamp11_set_output_volume_level( &audioamp11, AUDIOAMP11_VOLUME_LEVEL_31 );
        audioamp11_get_output_volume_level( &audioamp11, &volume_level );        
    }
    
    log_printf( &logger, " Volume Level %d: ", ( uint16_t ) ( AUDIOAMP11_VOLUME_LEVEL_0 - volume_level ) );
    for ( uint8_t n_cnt = 0; n_cnt < ( AUDIOAMP11_VOLUME_LEVEL_0 - volume_level ); n_cnt++ )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "|" );    
    }
    log_printf( &logger, "\r\n----------------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms( 1000 );
}

void main ( void ) 
{
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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