Experience precise motor control with Toshiba's TB62262FTG and ATmega644P
The motor control solution that won't drive you crazy
Published Apr 24, 2023
Click board™
Multi Stepper Click - TB62262
Dev. board
EasyAVR v7
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
ATmega644P
Unlock the full potential of your motors with our advanced stepper driver - delivering unrivaled control, accuracy, and quiet operation
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Multi Stepper Click is based on the TB62262FTG, a two-phase bipolar stepping motor driver using a PWM chopper (customized by external resistance R2 and capacitor C1) from Toshiba Semiconductor. The TB62262FTG has a built-in clock-in decoder (CLOCK-in controlled), which means that each up-edge of the CLK signal is routed to the PWM pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, will shift the motor's electrical angle per step. It also incorporates a low on-resistance MOSFET output stage, which can deliver a 1.2A current with a motor output voltage rating of 38V, in addition to integrated protection mechanisms such as over-current and over-temperature detection. In addition, it allows full-, half-, and quarter-step resolution, with the help of which motor noise can be significantly reduced with smoother operation and more precise control. As mentioned, the TB62262FTG supports various step resolution configurations through its control signals. These control signals are provided through the PCA9555A port expander, which establishes communication with the MCU via the I2C serial interface. This Click board™ also allows a connection of external step-resolution control signals on the onboard header J1 on pins labeled as P1 and P2 for the device's DMODE1 and DMODE2 control. The PCA9555A also allows choosing the least significant bit
(LSB) of its I2C slave address by positioning SMD jumpers labeled ADDR SEL to an appropriate position marked as 0 and 1. The output channel's current value can be set manually using an onboard trimmer labeled VR1, which sets the reference voltage from 0V to 3.3V. The default configuration of the JP4 jumper is the VREF position that sets both channels' output current via the VR1 trimmer. In this case, avoid position P4 on a jumper JP4 since the VREFA pin requires an analog signal for setting. Also, this Click board™ has a Standby function, activated when step-resolution control signals are in their low logic state, used to switch to Standby mode by setting all motor control pins to a low logic state. When the Standby mode is active, the TB62262FTG stops supplying the power to the internal oscillating circuit and motor output part (the motor drive cannot be performed). In addition to the I2C communication, several GPIO pins connected to the mikroBUS™ socket are also used. The Enable pin, labeled as EN and routed to the CS pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, optimizes power consumption used for power ON/OFF purposes. Also, a simple rotation direction function routed to the AN pin on the mikroBUS™ socket allows MCU to manage the direction of the stepper motor (clockwise or counterclockwise), while the RST pin of the mikroBUS™
socket initializes an electrical angle in the internal counter to set an initial position. Regarding angle monitoring, this driver has a dual way of monitoring selected by positioning the SMD jumper labeled JP5 to an appropriate position marked as P6 or INT, which chooses to monitor via the expander or INT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket. In the case of the selected INT position of the JP5 jumper, the JP10 jumper needs to be unpopulated. This Click board™ also has an additional LED for anomaly indication, but since this version of the stepper driver does not support this feature, this indicator cannot be used. Multi Stepper Click supports an external power supply for the TB62262FTG, which can be connected to the input terminal labeled as VM and should be within the range of 10V to 38V, while the stepper motor coils can be connected to the terminals labeled as B+, B-, A-, and A+. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.
Features overview
Development board
EasyAVR v7 is the seventh generation of AVR development boards specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports a wide range of 16-bit AVR microcontrollers from Microchip and has a broad set of unique functions, such as a powerful onboard mikroProg programmer and In-Circuit debugger over USB. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements in one place, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others. With four different connectors for each port, EasyAVR v7 allows you to connect accessory boards, sensors, and custom electronics more
efficiently than ever. Each part of the EasyAVR v7 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An integrated mikroProg, a fast USB 2.0 programmer with mikroICD hardware In-Circuit Debugger, offers many valuable programming/debugging options and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment. Besides it also includes a clean and regulated power supply block for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including an external 12V power supply, 7-12V AC or 9-15V DC via DC connector/screw terminals, and a power source via the USB Type-B (USB-B)
connector. Communication options such as USB-UART and RS-232 are also included, alongside the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, three display options (7-segment, graphical, and character-based LCD), and several different DIP sockets which cover a wide range of 16-bit AVR MCUs. EasyAVR v7 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
AVR
MCU Memory (KB)
64
Silicon Vendor
Microchip
Pin count
40
RAM (Bytes)
4096
You complete me!
Accessories
The 28BYJ-48 is an adaptable 5VDC stepper motor with a compact design, ideal for various applications. It features four phases, a speed variation ratio of 1/64, and a stride angle of 5.625°/64 steps, allowing precise control. The motor operates at a frequency of 100Hz and has a DC resistance of 50Ω ±7% at 25°C. It boasts an idle in-traction frequency greater than 600Hz and an idle out-traction frequency exceeding 1000Hz, ensuring reliability in different scenarios. With a self-positioning torque and in-traction torque both exceeding 34.3mN.m at 120Hz, the 28BYJ-48 offers robust performance. Its friction torque ranges from 600 to 1200 gf.cm, while the pull-in torque is 300 gf.cm. This motor makes a reliable and efficient choice for your stepper motor needs.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the EasyAVR v7 as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.
2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.
3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Multi Stepper TB62262 Click driver.
Key functions:
multisteppertb62262_set_step_modeThis function sets the step mode resolution settings.multisteppertb62262_drive_motorThis function drives the motor for the specific number of steps at the selected speed.multisteppertb62262_set_directionThis function sets the motor direction by setting the AN pin logic state.
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* @file main.c
* @brief MultiStepperTB62262 Click example
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of the Multi Stepper TB62262 Click board by driving the
* motor in both directions for a desired number of steps.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and performs the Click default configuration.
*
* ## Application Task
* Drives the motor clockwise for 200 steps and then counter-clockiwse for 100 steps with
* 2 seconds delay before changing the direction.
* Each step will be logged on the USB UART where you can track the program flow.
*
* @author Stefan Filipovic
*
*/
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "multisteppertb62262.h"
static multisteppertb62262_t multisteppertb62262;
static log_t logger;
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
multisteppertb62262_cfg_t multisteppertb62262_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
multisteppertb62262_cfg_setup( &multisteppertb62262_cfg );
MULTISTEPPERTB62262_MAP_MIKROBUS( multisteppertb62262_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == multisteppertb62262_init( &multisteppertb62262, &multisteppertb62262_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
for ( ; ; );
}
if ( MULTISTEPPERTB62262_ERROR == multisteppertb62262_default_cfg ( &multisteppertb62262 ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
for ( ; ; );
}
log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
log_printf ( &logger, " Move 200 steps clockwise \r\n\n" );
multisteppertb62262_set_direction ( &multisteppertb62262, MULTISTEPPERTB62262_DIR_CW );
multisteppertb62262_drive_motor ( &multisteppertb62262, 200, MULTISTEPPERTB62262_SPEED_FAST );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
log_printf ( &logger, " Move 100 steps counter-clockwise \r\n\n" );
multisteppertb62262_set_direction ( &multisteppertb62262, MULTISTEPPERTB62262_DIR_CCW );
multisteppertb62262_drive_motor ( &multisteppertb62262, 100, MULTISTEPPERTB62262_SPEED_FAST );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
