Beginner
10 min

Provide clear visual feedback and signal knob's position with EC12D1564402 and ATmega644

Symphony of motion and light

ROTARY B Click with EasyAVR v7

Published Jun 22, 2023

Click board™

ROTARY B Click

Dev. board

EasyAVR v7

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega644

Our cutting-edge rotary solution embraces a striking blue LED ring, defining your every move

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

ROTARY B Click is based on two SN74HC595 SPI-configurable 8-bit shift registers from Texas Instruments that, combined with a high-quality rotary encoder, the EC12D1564402, allows you to add a precision input knob to your design. The EC12D1564402 incremental rotary encoder is surrounded by a ring of 16 blue LEDs where a single rotation is divided into 15 discrete steps (in contrast to a potentiometer, a rotary encoder can be spun around continuously). This Click board™ is an ideal solution for building various HMI applications where precise input is required, but also for some interesting visual effects to any application. As mentioned, this Click board™ uses

the EC12D1564402, a 15-pulse incremental rotary encoder with a push-button, from ALPS. This encoder has unique mechanical specifications (debouncing time for its internal switches goes down to 2ms) and can withstand many switching cycles, up to 30.000. The supporting debouncing circuitry allows contacts to settle before the output is triggered fully. The SN74HC595 controls each LED individually positioned in a ring around the encoder through a standard SPI interface with a maximum frequency of 5MHz. Rotating the encoder, it outputs A and B signals (out of phase to each other) on the two mikroBUS™ lines, AN and PWM pins of the mikroBUS™ socket,

alongside the push-button contact, which outputs through the interrupt line of the mikroBUS™ socket. The SN74HC595 also has a Reset feature used across the RST mikroBUS™ line. This Click board™ can operate with both 3.3V and 5V logic voltage levels selected via the PWR SEL jumper. This way, it is allowed for both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs to use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

ROTARY B Click hardware overview image

Features overview

Development board

EasyAVR v7 is the seventh generation of AVR development boards specially designed for the needs of rapid development of embedded applications. It supports a wide range of 16-bit AVR microcontrollers from Microchip and has a broad set of unique functions, such as a powerful onboard mikroProg programmer and In-Circuit debugger over USB. The development board is well organized and designed so that the end-user has all the necessary elements in one place, such as switches, buttons, indicators, connectors, and others. With four different connectors for each port, EasyAVR v7 allows you to connect accessory boards, sensors, and custom electronics more

efficiently than ever. Each part of the EasyAVR v7 development board contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. An integrated mikroProg, a fast USB 2.0 programmer with mikroICD hardware In-Circuit Debugger, offers many valuable programming/debugging options and seamless integration with the Mikroe software environment. Besides it also includes a clean and regulated power supply block for the development board. It can use a wide range of external power sources, including an external 12V power supply, 7-12V AC or 9-15V DC via DC connector/screw terminals, and a power source via the USB Type-B (USB-B)

connector. Communication options such as USB-UART and RS-232 are also included, alongside the well-established mikroBUS™ standard, three display options (7-segment, graphical, and character-based LCD), and several different DIP sockets which cover a wide range of 16-bit AVR MCUs. EasyAVR v7 is an integral part of the Mikroe ecosystem for rapid development. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping and development thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

EasyAVR v7 horizontal image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

ATmega644

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

64

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

40

RAM (Bytes)

4096

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Encoder Output B
PA7
AN
Reset
PA6
RST
SPI Chip Select
PA5
CS
SPI Clock
PB7
SCK
SPI Data OUT
PB6
MISO
SPI Data IN
PB5
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
Encoder Output A
PD4
PWM
Knob Detection
PD2
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

ROTARY B Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

EasyAVR v7 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the EasyAVR v7 as your development board.

EasyAVR v7 front image hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click front image hardware assembly
MCU DIP 40 hardware assembly
GNSS2 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
EasyAVR v7 Access DIP MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
NECTO Compiler Selection Step Image hardware assembly
NECTO Output Selection Step Image hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Necto DIP image step 7 hardware assembly
EasyPIC PRO v7a Display Selection Necto Step hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Necto PreFlash Image hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for ROTARY B Click driver.

Key functions:

  • rotaryb_generic_transfer - ROTARY B data transfer function.

  • rotaryb_turn_on_led_by_position - Function turn on led by position

  • rotaryb_button_push - Function return 1 if button is pushed and return 0 if not

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Rotary Y Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * The demo application controls led on click with rotary on board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes SPI driver, set initial states, 
 * set RST logic high and performs device configuration.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Show functionality of Rotary Y Click, rotating and turn on/off led's,
 * using the SPI interface.
 *
 * @note
 * In orther to use all of the clicks functionality, pull down INT pin.
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "rotaryy.h"

static rotaryy_t rotaryy;
static log_t logger;

static uint8_t start_status;
static uint8_t old_state;
static uint8_t new_state;
static uint8_t old__rot_state;
static uint8_t new_rotate_state;
static uint8_t led_state;
static uint16_t led_data;

void application_init ( void ) {
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    rotaryy_cfg_t rotaryy_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.

    rotaryy_cfg_setup( &rotaryy_cfg );
    ROTARYY_MAP_MIKROBUS( rotaryy_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    err_t init_flag  = rotaryy_init( &rotaryy, &rotaryy_cfg );
    if ( init_flag == SPI_MASTER_ERROR ) {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );

        for ( ; ; );
    }

    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
    
    led_data = 0x0001;
    old_state = 0;
    new_state = 1;
    old__rot_state = 0;
    new_rotate_state = 1;
}

void application_task ( void ) {
    rotaryy_turn_on_led_by_data( &rotaryy, led_data );

//     Push button
    if ( rotaryy_button_push( &rotaryy ) ) {
        new_state = 1;
        if ( new_state == 1 && old_state == 0 ) {
            old_state = 1;
            led_state = ( led_state + 1 ) % 5;
            if ( led_state == 4 ) {
                for ( old_state = 0; old_state < 17; old_state++ ) {
                    rotaryy_turn_on_led_by_data( &rotaryy, 0xAAAA );
                    Delay_ms( 100 );
                    rotaryy_turn_on_led_by_data( &rotaryy, 0x5555 );
                    Delay_ms( 100 );
                }

                for ( old_state = 0; old_state < 17; old_state++ ) {
                    rotaryy_turn_on_led_by_position( &rotaryy, old_state );
                    Delay_ms( 100 );
                }

                led_state = 0;
                led_data = rotaryy_get_led_data( led_state );
            }
            else {
                led_data = rotaryy_get_led_data( led_state );
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        old_state = 0;
    }

//     Rotate Clockwise and CounterClockwise
    if ( rotaryy_get_eca_state( &rotaryy ) == rotaryy_get_ecb_state( &rotaryy ) ) {
        old__rot_state = 0;
        start_status = rotaryy_get_eca_state( &rotaryy ) && rotaryy_get_ecb_state( &rotaryy );
    }
    else {
        new_rotate_state = 1;
        if ( new_rotate_state != old__rot_state ) {
            old__rot_state = 1;
            if ( start_status != rotaryy_get_eca_state( &rotaryy ) ) {
                led_data = ( led_data << 1 ) | ( led_data >> 15 );
            }
            else {
                led_data = ( led_data >> 1 ) | ( led_data << 15 );
            }
        }
    }
}

void main ( void ) {
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; ) {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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