Breathe easier with STM32F091RC
Say goodbye to air pollution
Published Feb 26, 2024
Click board™
Air quality 3 Click
Dev. board
Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
STM32F091RC
Our cutting-edge air quality monitor is vital in urban planning, equipping city officials with essential data to shape policies that prioritize citizen well-being
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Air Quality 3 Click is based on the CCS811, an advanced ultra-low power digital gas sensor for monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ) from ScioSense. This IC consists of an analog section consisting of a MOX gas sensor based on ScioSense unique micro-hotplate technology, which allows high reliability, fast cycle times, and low power consumption, and the digital section, which consists of an embedded microcontroller (MCU) and an analog to digital converter (ADC). The CCS811 sensor IC employs advanced algorithms to calculate the raw sensor data and output the equivalent CO2 and TVOC values. It utilizes the internal MCU for this purpose, reducing the payload on the host MCU. Because of the nature of the MOX sensors, the CCS811 sensitivity will change over time, especially in early-life use. The internal sensor resistance will change the most for the first 48 hours of operation. So, to achieve proper operation of this sensor, it has to be calibrated during several different phases of its lifecycle. Since this step is important for achieving accurate IAQ results, it is strongly advised to be
carefully studied from the CCS811 datasheet. The Click board™ communicates with the host MCU via the I2C bus. SCL and SDA pins of the CCS811 IC are routed to the corresponding mikroBUS™ pins, allowing an easy and secure connection with the development system. Yet another pin is used with the I2C communication that is not part of the standard I2C bus: the #WAKE pin has to be set to a LOW logic level before the communication is attempted. This pin is routed to the CS pin of the mikroBUS™. The I2C bus lines are equipped with pull-up resistors, so communication can be established as soon as the click board is installed on the mikroBUS™. The least significant bit of the I2C address is routed to the external pin of the CCS811 IC, and it can be set to either a HIGH or a LOW logic level. This can be done by an onboard SMD jumper labeled as ADDR. It is useful when multiple devices are used on the same I2C bus. The #RESET pin is used to reset the device and must be pulled to a LOW logic level for at least 20μs. It is pulled to a HIGH logic level by the onboard resistor and filtered by a capacitor
to prevent random reset of the device. The #RESET of the CCS811 sensor IC is routed to the mikroBUS RST pin. The #INT pin allows another powerful Air Quality 3 Click feature to be used - a programmable interrupt request. This pin can be driven to a LOW state when data is ready to be read via the I2C. It can also be programmed to be driven when the eCO2 measurement data exceeds the programmed threshold by the hysteresis value. This can be extremely useful for making an early CO2 warning system. Interrupts, in general, are useful to avoid constant polling by the MCU, saving resources and energy that way. The #INT of the CCS811 sensor IC is routed to the mikroBUS INT pin. This Click board™ can be operated only with a 3.3V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, it comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.
Features overview
Development board
Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin
headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is
provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
ARM Cortex-M0
MCU Memory (KB)
256
Silicon Vendor
STMicroelectronics
Pin count
64
RAM (Bytes)
32768
You complete me!
Accessories
Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.
2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.
3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Air Quality 3 Click driver.
Key functions:
airquality3_get_co2_and_tvoc- Get CO2 and TVOC dataairquality3_set_environment_data- Temperature and humidity data settingsairquality3_set_measurement_mode- Function for settings sensor drive mode and interrupts.
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* \file
* \brief AirQuality3 Click example
*
* # Description
* The demo application shows air quality measurement.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Configuring clicks and log objects.
* Settings the click in the default configuration.
* Call the procedure the wakeup function of the chip.
*
* ## Application Task
* Reads CO2 and TVOC value in the air and logs this data on the USBUART.
*
* \author Katarina Perendic
*
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "airquality3.h"
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES
static airquality3_t airquality3;
static log_t logger;
// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg;
airquality3_cfg_t cfg;
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );
// Click initialization.
airquality3_cfg_setup( &cfg );
AIRQUALITY3_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
airquality3_init( &airquality3, &cfg );
// Wake-up click procedure
airquality3_set_power( &airquality3, AIRQUALITY3_POWER_STATE_ON );
airquality3_hardware_reset( &airquality3 );
airquality3_app_function( &airquality3, AIRQUALITY3_APP_START );
airquality3_default_cfg( &airquality3 );
Delay_ms( 500 );
log_info( &logger, "---- Start measurement ----" );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
airquality3_air_data_t air_data;
// Task implementation.
airquality3_get_co2_and_tvoc ( &airquality3, &air_data );
log_printf( &logger, "\r\n---- AirQuality data ----\r\n" );
log_printf( &logger, ">> CO2 data is %d ppm.\r\n", air_data.co2 );
log_printf( &logger, ">> TVOC data is %d ppb.\r\n", air_data.tvoc );
Delay_1sec( );
}
void main ( void )
{
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
