IttyBitty CMOS RC oscillator designed to provide rail-to-rail pulses for precise time delay or frequency generation
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Clock Gen 6 Click is based on the MIC1557, a low-power digital frequency solution providing the logic for creating a simple RC oscillator circuit from Microchip Technology. The MIC1557 offers rail-to-rail pulses for precise frequency generation alongside a single threshold and trigger connection, internally connected, for astable (oscillator) operation only with programmable output frequency and enable/reset control signal intended as an oscillator with a Shutdown capability. As mentioned, the astable oscillator switches between two states, ON and OFF, producing a continuous square wave. The MIC1557 is optimized for this function by tying the two comparator inputs together, the threshold, and trigger pins (THR and TRG), forming a T/T pin.
The external capacitor charges slowly through the external resistor in the form of a digital potentiometer by which the user can pass through the frequency range and thus adjust the desired output. Replacing the resistor with a digital potentiometer allows the user to program frequency output as performed on this Click board™. For this purpose, the digital potentiometer MAX5401, which communicates with the MCU via a 3-Wire SPI serial interface, is used to set the resistance on the MIC1557 OUT line, adjusting the frequency up to 5MHz. Alongside SPI communication, this Click board™ also uses one additional pin. The Enable pin, labeled as EN and routed to the RST pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, optimizes power consumption and is used for power ON/OFF purposes
(controls the bias supply to the oscillator’s internal circuitry). When the MIC1557 is deselected, the supply current is less than 1μA, and the device is placed in a Shutdown state. Forcing the EN pin low resets the device by setting the flip flop, causing the output to a low logic state. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.
Features overview
Development board
Nucleo-64 with STM32F103RB MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin
headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is
provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
ARM Cortex-M3
MCU Memory (KB)
128
Silicon Vendor
STMicroelectronics
Pin count
64
RAM (Bytes)
20480
You complete me!
Accessories
Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Track your results in real time
Application Output
This Click board can be interfaced and monitored in two ways:
Application Output
- Use the "Application Output" window in Debug mode for real-time data monitoring. Set it up properly by following this tutorial.
UART Terminal
- Monitor data via the UART Terminal using a USB to UART converter. For detailed instructions, check out this tutorial.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Clock Gen 6 Click driver.
Key functions:
clockgen6_set_digipot
This function sets the digital potentiometer position by using SPI serial interface.clockgen6_enable_output
This function enables the output by setting the EN pin to high logic state.clockgen6_disable_output
This function disables the output by setting the EN pin to low logic state.
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* @file main.c
* @brief Clock Gen 6 Click Example.
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of Clock Gen 6 click board which acts as
* an astable oscillator.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets the digital
* potentiometer to max position and enables the clock output.
*
* ## Application Task
* Changes the clock output frequency by changing the digital potentiometer position every second.
* The potentiometer position value will be displayed on the USB UART.
*
* @author Stefan Filipovic
*
*/
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "clockgen6.h"
static clockgen6_t clockgen6; /**< Clock Gen 6 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger; /**< Logger object. */
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
clockgen6_cfg_t clockgen6_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
clockgen6_cfg_setup( &clockgen6_cfg );
CLOCKGEN6_MAP_MIKROBUS( clockgen6_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( DIGITAL_OUT_UNSUPPORTED_PIN == clockgen6_init( &clockgen6, &clockgen6_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
for ( ; ; );
}
if ( CLOCKGEN6_ERROR == clockgen6_default_cfg ( &clockgen6 ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
for ( ; ; );
}
log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
for ( int16_t pos = CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MAX; pos >= CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MIN; )
{
if ( CLOCKGEN6_OK == clockgen6_set_digipot ( &clockgen6, pos ) )
{
log_printf( &logger, " DIGIPOT position: %u\r\n", pos );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
pos -= 5;
}
}
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
* @file main.c
* @brief Clock Gen 6 Click Example.
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of Clock Gen 6 click board which acts as
* an astable oscillator.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets the digital
* potentiometer to max position and enables the clock output.
*
* ## Application Task
* Changes the clock output frequency by changing the digital potentiometer position every second.
* The potentiometer position value will be displayed on the USB UART.
*
* @author Stefan Filipovic
*
*/
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "clockgen6.h"
static clockgen6_t clockgen6; /**< Clock Gen 6 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger; /**< Logger object. */
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
clockgen6_cfg_t clockgen6_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
clockgen6_cfg_setup( &clockgen6_cfg );
CLOCKGEN6_MAP_MIKROBUS( clockgen6_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( DIGITAL_OUT_UNSUPPORTED_PIN == clockgen6_init( &clockgen6, &clockgen6_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
for ( ; ; );
}
if ( CLOCKGEN6_ERROR == clockgen6_default_cfg ( &clockgen6 ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
for ( ; ; );
}
log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
for ( int16_t pos = CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MAX; pos >= CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MIN; )
{
if ( CLOCKGEN6_OK == clockgen6_set_digipot ( &clockgen6, pos ) )
{
log_printf( &logger, " DIGIPOT position: %u\r\n", pos );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
pos -= 5;
}
}
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
* @file main.c
* @brief Clock Gen 6 Click Example.
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of Clock Gen 6 click board which acts as
* an astable oscillator.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets the digital
* potentiometer to max position and enables the clock output.
*
* ## Application Task
* Changes the clock output frequency by changing the digital potentiometer position every second.
* The potentiometer position value will be displayed on the USB UART.
*
* @author Stefan Filipovic
*
*/
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "clockgen6.h"
static clockgen6_t clockgen6; /**< Clock Gen 6 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger; /**< Logger object. */
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
clockgen6_cfg_t clockgen6_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
clockgen6_cfg_setup( &clockgen6_cfg );
CLOCKGEN6_MAP_MIKROBUS( clockgen6_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( DIGITAL_OUT_UNSUPPORTED_PIN == clockgen6_init( &clockgen6, &clockgen6_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
for ( ; ; );
}
if ( CLOCKGEN6_ERROR == clockgen6_default_cfg ( &clockgen6 ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
for ( ; ; );
}
log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
for ( int16_t pos = CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MAX; pos >= CLOCKGEN6_DIGIPOT_POSITION_MIN; )
{
if ( CLOCKGEN6_OK == clockgen6_set_digipot ( &clockgen6, pos ) )
{
log_printf( &logger, " DIGIPOT position: %u\r\n", pos );
Delay_ms ( 1000 );
pos -= 5;
}
}
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
Additional Support
Resources
Category:Clock generator