Intermediate
30 min

Achieve precise presence sensing and motion detection with TPIS1S1385 and STM32F446RE

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Presence Click with Nucleo 64 with STM32F446RE MCU

Published Oct 08, 2024

Click board™

Presence Click

Dev Board

Nucleo 64 with STM32F446RE MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F446RE

Our infrared solution is a versatile tool designed to enable precise presence sensing, motion detection, and remote overtemperature protection across various applications

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Presence Click is based on the TPiS 1S 1385, a device from CaliPile™ multi-function infrared sensor series, from Excelitas Technologies. Despite its very compact design (4.4 x 2.6 x 1.75 mm2), it features an integrated signal processing ASIC, which allows detection of several different events, common to all the sensors from CaliPile™ series. The TPiS 1S 1385 features near-field motion detection, presence detection, and remote temperature measurement. The infrared light emitted from the object is detected by the thermopile sensor, converted by a highly sensitive 17-bit ADC, and digitally processed to allow event detection. Event detection can be fine-tuned over the I2C interface, by accessing corresponding config registers. The CaliPile™ series sensors can utilize the embedded processing engine to detect several different events, including motion, presence, and temperature shock events. Each of these events is based on measuring the temperature and then comparing it with a value which is taken after a time interval. The device does not consume much power while processing the data; significantly more power is consumed during the sampling intervals. Since the measurement is done in just a few points of time,

not much power is consumed overall. This feature allows using the sensor IC on battery-operated systems. A particularly interesting feature is ambient temperature shock detection. This allows detecting fast changes of the temperature, which can be used to remotely detect overtemperature event in some power installations or similar inaccessible locations. The TPiS 1S 1385 is able to perform data processing. However, the firmware running on the host MCU has to perform some calculations, taking calibration parameters from the EEPROM into account, in order to determine the temperature of the target object. The thermopile sensor reacts to IR light reflection; therefore, some external parameters have to be taken into consideration. More information about these parameters and how to calculate the output can be found in the TPiS 1S 1385 datasheet. The interrupt pin allows the detected event to be reported to the host MCU. This is crucial for wakeup-on-proximity applications. The interrupt will be cleared only after reading the Interrupt Status register. The interrupt pin is an active LOW output, routed to the INT pin of the mikroBUS™. It is pulled to a HIGH logic state by an onboard resistor, when not asserted. After the power on,

the device only responds to the General Call Address, which is 0x00. After it receives a general call, it loads its I2C address which is stored in the EEPROM register. Depending on the most significant bit (MSB) within this register, the states of the two physical pins A0 and A1 will replace the values of the two least significant bits (LSB). Pins A0 and A1 are routed to the SMD jumpers grouped under the ADR SEL label, allowing the developer to select an I2C slave address when more than a single device exists on the I2C bus. The datasheet of the TPiS 1S 1385 illustrates the use of the EEPROM register, along with the A0 and A1 pins. However, the Click board™ is supported by a set of mikroSDK library functions which simplify the use of this IC, along with a demo example which can be used as a reference for a custom design. In addition to TPiS 1S 1385, Presence click features two additional ICs: the PCA9306, and the 74LVCH1T45. The PCA9306 is a bi-directional level shifter for the I2C signals, while the 74LVCH1T45 is a single bit level shifter, used for the INT line. Both ICs are produced by NXP. They allow both 3.3V and 5V MCUs to be interfaced with the Click board™, vastly expanding its usability.

Presence Click top side image
Presence Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo-64 with STM32F446RE MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin

headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is

provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.

Nucleo 64 with STM32F446RE MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M4

MCU Memory (KB)

512

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

64

RAM (Bytes)

131072

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
PC14
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PB8
SCL
I2C Data
PB9
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Schematic

Presence Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo 64 with STM32F446RE MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 front image hardware assembly
Nucleo 64 with STM32F401RE MCU front image hardware assembly
EEPROM 13 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Nucleo-64 with STM32XXX MCU MB 1 Mini B Conn - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 HA MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output via Debug Mode

1. Once the code example is loaded, pressing the "DEBUG" button initiates the build process, programs it on the created setup, and enters Debug mode.

2. After the programming is completed, a header with buttons for various actions within the IDE becomes visible. Clicking the green "PLAY" button starts reading the results achieved with the Click board™. The achieved results are displayed in the Application Output tab.

DEBUG_Application_Output

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Presence Click driver.

Key functions:

  • presence_ambient_temperature - This function returns ambient temperature in degrees Celsius

  • presence_object_temperature - This function returns object temperature.

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Presence Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application enables usage of sensor for motion and presence sensing
 * and measuring of object's and ambient temperature.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes driver and performs the click default configuration.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Checks whether a new event (motion, presence or over-temperature) is detected. 
 * If there's no event detected it reads the ambient and object temperature and displays
 * the results on the USB UART.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "presence.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static presence_t presence;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    presence_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.
    presence_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    PRESENCE_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    presence_init( &presence, &cfg );

    if ( PRESENCE_ERROR == presence_default_cfg ( &presence ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t int_status = 0;
    uint8_t tp_presence = 0;
    uint8_t tp_motion = 0;
    float t_amb = 0;
    float t_obj = 0;
    
    if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_INTERRUPT_STATUS, &int_status, 1 ) )
    {
        if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_PRESENCE )
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_TP_PRESENCE, &tp_presence, 1 ) )
            {
                log_info( &logger, "Presence detected! Level: %u", ( uint16_t ) tp_presence );
            }
        }
        else if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_MOTION )
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_TP_MOTION, &tp_motion, 1 ) )
            {
                log_info( &logger, "Motion detected! Level: %u", ( uint16_t ) tp_motion );
            }
        }
        else if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_TP_OT )
        {
            log_info( &logger, "Temp threshold exceeded!" );
        }
        else
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_ambient_temperature( &presence, &t_amb ) )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "Ambient temperature: %.2f degC\r\n", t_amb );
            }
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_object_temperature( &presence, &t_obj ) )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "Object temperature: %.2f degC\r\n\n", t_obj );
            }
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Presence Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application enables usage of sensor for motion and presence sensing
 * and measuring of object's and ambient temperature.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes driver and performs the click default configuration.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * Checks whether a new event (motion, presence or over-temperature) is detected. 
 * If there's no event detected it reads the ambient and object temperature and displays
 * the results on the USB UART.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "presence.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static presence_t presence;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    presence_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.
    presence_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    PRESENCE_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    presence_init( &presence, &cfg );

    if ( PRESENCE_ERROR == presence_default_cfg ( &presence ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t int_status = 0;
    uint8_t tp_presence = 0;
    uint8_t tp_motion = 0;
    float t_amb = 0;
    float t_obj = 0;
    
    if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_INTERRUPT_STATUS, &int_status, 1 ) )
    {
        if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_PRESENCE )
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_TP_PRESENCE, &tp_presence, 1 ) )
            {
                log_info( &logger, "Presence detected! Level: %u", ( uint16_t ) tp_presence );
            }
        }
        else if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_MOTION )
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_generic_read( &presence, PRESENCE_REG_TP_MOTION, &tp_motion, 1 ) )
            {
                log_info( &logger, "Motion detected! Level: %u", ( uint16_t ) tp_motion );
            }
        }
        else if ( int_status & PRESENCE_INT_MASK1_TP_OT )
        {
            log_info( &logger, "Temp threshold exceeded!" );
        }
        else
        {
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_ambient_temperature( &presence, &t_amb ) )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "Ambient temperature: %.2f degC\r\n", t_amb );
            }
            if ( PRESENCE_OK == presence_object_temperature( &presence, &t_obj ) )
            {
                log_printf( &logger, "Object temperature: %.2f degC\r\n\n", t_obj );
            }
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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