Enhance your reality and make it more intuitive with ADUX1020 and STM32L073RZ
The power of nearness: Proximity detection unleashed
Published Feb 26, 2024
Click board™
Proximity 6 Click
Dev. board
Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
STM32L073RZ
Unveil the possibilities that proximity detection offers and reimagine your interactions with devices and environments
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
Proximity 6 Click is based on the ADUX1020, a photometric sensor for the gesture and proximity detection, from Analog Devices. Among other sections, this IC contains a LED driver, used to drive an externally connected LED, which provides feedback for the ADUX1020 sensory sections. Therefore, the LED should be chosen so that its spectrum matches the spectral sensitivity of the on-chip light sensor. For this reason, the Click board™ is equipped with the narrow beam LED from OSRAM with its spectral response characteristic peaking at 860nm, which is a perfect choice for this application. The proximity detection consists of sending a pulse to the LED while measuring the response of the reflected light. Each data sample is constructed from the sum of a configurable number of individual pulses. There can be up to 64 such pulses. Additional intersample averaging can be applied to these values for the improved noise reduction, and the results are stored in the FIFO buffer, from where the MCU can read them via the standard I2C interface. Most of the parameters are user configurable, such as the sampling frequency, a number of pulses, averaging parameters and
more. More in-depth information about the registers can be found in the ADUX1020 datasheet. Aimed towards the low consumption market, the ADUX1020 uses a rather low voltage range, between 1.7V and 1.9V. Since the most of the MCUs use either 3.3V or 5V, the Click board™ has to be equipped with the supporting circuitry, which is used to convert the MCU signal levels to levels acceptable for the ADUX1020 IC. This supporting circuitry consists of a small LDO that provides 1.8V for the proper ADUX1020 IC operation, as well as the bidirectional I2C voltage level translator IC (PCA9306), and a single bit, dual voltage level translator IC (SN74LVC1T45), used for proper conversion of the logic voltage levels. These level shifting ICs are supplied with the referent 1.8V from the LDO from one side, and selectable VCC voltage from the other side. VCC voltage can be selected between 3.3V and 5V, by using the SMD jumper labeled as VCC SEL. This allows both 3.3V and 5V MCUs to be interfaced with the ADUX1020 IC. Proximity 6 click offers an interrupt output pin that can be used to trigger an interrupt on the host MCU. The ADUX1020 IC interrupt engine allows several interrupt sources, which can be
used to trigger a state change on the INT pin. These sources include configurable FIFO buffer threshold, two pairs of proximity detection interrupts (proximity OFF and proximity ON), sample interrupts, and even a watchdog interrupt. The INT pin itself is highly configurable. For example, it can be set to be either active HIGH or active LOW, or it can be set to output the internal clock of the ADUX1020 IC. When asserted, this pin triggers an MCU interrupt, informing it that the configured interrupt event has occurred. The MCU can then read the desired register output, not having to poll it constantly, which saves both MCU cycles and power. The INT pin is routed via the level shifting IC to the mikroBUS™ INT pin. As already mentioned, detailed information on the ADUX1020 IC registers can be found in the datasheet. However, MikroElektronika provides a library that contains functions compatible with the MikroElektronika compilers, which can be used for simplified programming of the Proximity 6 click. The library also contains an example application, which demonstrates its use. This example application can be used as a reference for custom designs.
Features overview
Development board
Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin
headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is
provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
ARM Cortex-M0
MCU Memory (KB)
192
Silicon Vendor
STMicroelectronics
Pin count
64
RAM (Bytes)
20480
You complete me!
Accessories
Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32L073RZ MCU as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.
2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.
3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for Proximity 6 Click driver.
Key functions:
proximity6_read_data- Function reads proximity data when one or more data register is updatedproximity6_generic_write- This function writes data to the desired registerproximity6_generic_read- This function reads data from the desired register
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* \file
* \brief Proximity 6 Click example
*
* # Description
* This application demonstrates the use of Proximity 6 click board by reading
* and displaying the raw data measurements from 4 photodiode channels.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration.
*
* ## Application Task
* Reads the raw data measurements from 4 photodiode channels and displays the results
* on the USB UART every 200ms approximately.
*
* \author MikroE Team
*
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "proximity6.h"
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES
static proximity6_t proximity6;
static log_t logger;
// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
proximity6_cfg_t proximity6_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
proximity6_cfg_setup( &proximity6_cfg );
PROXIMITY6_MAP_MIKROBUS( proximity6_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( PROXIMITY6_ERROR == proximity6_init( &proximity6, &proximity6_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
for ( ; ; );
}
if ( PROXIMITY6_ERROR == proximity6_default_cfg ( &proximity6 ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
for ( ; ; );
}
log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
proximity6_data_t axis_data;
if ( PROXIMITY6_OK == proximity6_read_data( &proximity6, &axis_data ) )
{
log_printf( &logger, " X1: %u\r\n", axis_data.val_x1 );
log_printf( &logger, " X2: %u\r\n", axis_data.val_x2 );
log_printf( &logger, " Y1: %u\r\n", axis_data.val_y1 );
log_printf( &logger, " Y2: %u\r\n\n", axis_data.val_y2 );
Delay_ms ( 200 );
}
}
int main ( void )
{
/* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
#ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
preinit();
#endif
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
return 0;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
Additional Support
Resources
Category:Proximity
