Intermediate
30 min

Stay ahead of time with DS3231M and PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Clocking in: The secret to precise timekeeping

RTC 10 Click with Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Published Oct 20, 2023

Click board™

RTC 10 Click

Dev Board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

PIC32MZ2048EFH100

Ensure accurate timestamping and synchronization of data with advanced real-time clock, elevating the performance of your solution

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

RTC 10 Click is based on the DS3231M, a low-cost, extremely accurate, I2C real-time clock (RTC) from Analog Devices. Thanks to its high integration level, it provides high time accuracy, with a very low count of external components required. It has a full RTC function, offering programmable counters, alarms, and an interrupt engine with selectable event reporting sources. The small dimensions of the DS3231M itself, allow it to be used in very space-constrained applications, including wearables, medical equipment, and similar. In addition to the DS3231M, RTC 10 click is equipped with the button cell battery holder compatible with the 3000TR batteryholder, suitable for 12mm Coin Cell batteries. By utilizing an automatic backup switch, the IC is able to use an external battery power source when there is no power supply on its main power terminals, thus allowing for uninterrupted operation. The RTC maintains seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months

with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. Two programmable time-of day alarms and a 1Hz output are provided. Address and data are transferred serially through an I2C bidirectional bus. A precision temperature-compensated voltage reference and comparator circuit monitors the status of VCC to detect power failures, to provide a reset output, and to automatically switch to the backup supply when necessary. Additionally, the RST pin is monitored as a pushbutton input for generating a microprocessor reset and is routed to the RST pin on the mikroBUS™ socket. The temperature sensor, oscillator, and digital adjustment controller logic form the highly accurate time base. The controller reads the output of the on-board temperature sensor and adjusts the final 1Hz output to maintain the required accuracy. The device is trimmed at the factory to maintain a tight accuracy over the operating temperature range.

When the device is powered by VCC, the adjustment occurs once a second. When the device is powered by VBAT, the adjustment occurs once every 10s to conserve power. Adjusting the 1Hz time base less often does not affect the device’s long-term timekeeping accuracy. The device also contains an Aging Offset register that allows a constant offset (positive or negative) to be added to the factory-trimmed adjustment value. The I2C interface is accessible whenever either VCC or VBAT is at a valid level. If a microcontroller connected to the device resets because of a loss of VCC or other event, it is possible that the microcontroller and device’s I2C communications could become unsynchronized. e.g., the microcontroller resets while reading data from the device. When the microcontroller resets, the device’s I2C interface can be placed into a known state by toggling SCL until SDA is observed to be at a high level. At that point the microcontroller should pull SDA low while SCL is high, generating a START condition.

RTC 10 Click top side image
RTC 10 Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Flip&Click PIC32MZ is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that brings the flexibility of add-on Click boards™ to your favorite microcontroller, making it a perfect starter kit for implementing your ideas. It comes with an onboard 32-bit PIC32MZ microcontroller, the PIC32MZ2048EFH100 from Microchip, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click board™ connectivity, two USB connectors, LED indicators, buttons, debugger/programmer connectors, and two headers compatible with Arduino-UNO pinout. Thanks to innovative manufacturing technology,

it allows you to build gadgets with unique functionalities and features quickly. Each part of the Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit contains the components necessary for the most efficient operation of the same board. In addition, there is the possibility of choosing the Flip&Click PIC32MZ programming method, using the chipKIT bootloader (Arduino-style development environment) or our USB HID bootloader using mikroC, mikroBasic, and mikroPascal for PIC32. This kit includes a clean and regulated power supply block through the USB Type-C (USB-C) connector. All communication

methods that mikroBUS™ itself supports are on this board, including the well-established mikroBUS™ socket, user-configurable buttons, and LED indicators. Flip&Click PIC32MZ development kit allows you to create a new application in minutes. Natively supported by Mikroe software tools, it covers many aspects of prototyping thanks to a considerable number of different Click boards™ (over a thousand boards), the number of which is growing every day.

Flip&Click PIC32MZ double image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

PIC32

MCU Memory (KB)

2048

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

100

RAM (Bytes)

524288

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Analog ECG Output
RB11
AN
Reset
RE2
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
RD9
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
RA2
SCL
I2C Data
RA3
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Schematic

RTC 10 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Flip&Click PIC32MZ as your development board.

Flip&Click PIC32MZ front image hardware assembly
Buck 22 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Flip&Click PIC32MZ MCU step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output via Debug Mode

1. Once the code example is loaded, pressing the "DEBUG" button initiates the build process, programs it on the created setup, and enters Debug mode.

2. After the programming is completed, a header with buttons for various actions within the IDE becomes visible. Clicking the green "PLAY" button starts reading the results achieved with the Click board™. The achieved results are displayed in the Application Output tab.

DEBUG_Application_Output

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for RTC 10 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • rtc10_generic_write - Generic write function.

  • rtc10_generic_read - Generic read function.

  • rtc10_hw_reset - Hardware reset function.

Open Source

Code example

This example can be found in NECTO Studio. Feel free to download the code, or you can copy the code below.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Rtc10 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application is a real-time clock module.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initialization driver enable's - I2C,
 * hardware reset, set start time and date, enable counting also, write log.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * This is an example which demonstrates the use of RTC 10 Click board.
 * RTC 10 Click communicates with register via I2C interface,
 * set time and date, enable counting and display time and date values,
 * also, display temperature value for every 1 sec.
 * Results are being sent to the Usart Terminal where you can track their changes.
 * All data logs write on Usart Terminal changes for every 1 sec.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "rtc10.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static rtc10_t rtc10;
static log_t logger;

uint8_t sec_flag;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void display_day_of_the_week( uint8_t day_of_the_week )
{
    if ( day_of_the_week == 1 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "      Monday    \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 2 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "      Tuesday   \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 3 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "     Wednesday  \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 4 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "     Thursday   \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 5 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "      Friday    \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 6 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "     Saturday   \r\n\n " );
    }
    if ( day_of_the_week == 7 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, "      Sunday    \r\n\n " );
    }        
}

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    rtc10_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, "---- Application Init ----" );

    //  Click initialization.

    rtc10_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    RTC10_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    rtc10_init( &rtc10, &cfg );

    Delay_ms( 1000 );
    
    sec_flag = 0xFF;

    log_printf( &logger, "------------------- \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "  Hardware  Reset   \r\n" );
    rtc10_hw_reset(  &rtc10 );
    Delay_ms( 1000 );

    // Set Time: 23h, 59 min and 50 sec
    rtc10_set_time(  &rtc10, 23, 59, 50 );
    Delay_ms( 10 );

    // Set Date: 6 ( Day of the week: Saturday ), 31 ( day ), 8 ( month ) and 2019 ( year )
    rtc10_set_date(  &rtc10,  6, 31, 8, 2019 );
    Delay_ms( 100 );

    log_printf( &logger, "-------------------  \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "  Enable Counting  \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "------------------- \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "     Start RTC      \r\n" );
    log_printf( &logger, "------------------- \r\n" );
    rtc10_enable_counting(  &rtc10 );
    Delay_ms( 100 );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t i;
    uint8_t time_hours = 0;
    uint8_t time_minutes = 0;
    uint8_t time_seconds = 0;

    uint8_t day_of_the_week = 0;
    uint8_t date_day = 0;
    uint8_t date_month = 0;
    uint8_t date_year = 0;
    
    float temperature;
    
    rtc10_get_time( &rtc10, &time_hours, &time_minutes, &time_seconds );
    Delay_ms( 100 );

    rtc10_get_date( &rtc10, &day_of_the_week, &date_day, &date_month, &date_year );
    Delay_ms( 100 );

    if ( sec_flag !=  time_seconds )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " \r\n\n Time: %u:%u:%u  ", (uint16_t)time_hours, (uint16_t)time_minutes, (uint16_t)time_seconds );
        
        log_printf( &logger, "Date: %u. %u. 20%u. ", (uint16_t)date_day, (uint16_t)date_month, (uint16_t)date_year );
        display_day_of_the_week( day_of_the_week );
        
        if ( time_seconds == 0 )
        {
            temperature = rtc10_get_temperature( &rtc10 );

            log_printf( &logger, "\r\n\n Temp.:%.2f C", temperature);
        }
        log_printf( &logger, "--------------------------------------------" );

        sec_flag =  time_seconds;
    }
}

void main ( void )
{
    application_init( );

    for ( ; ; )
    {
        application_task( );
    }
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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