Empower your systems with dynamic signal management through 74HC4851 and STM32F407VGT6
Redefine connectivity with CMOS mux excellence
Published Dec 29, 2023
Click board™
MUX 4 Click
Dev. board
Clicker 4 for STM32F4
Compiler
NECTO Studio
MCU
STM32F407VGT6
Whether it's for data acquisition, instrumentation, or beyond, this solution offers a reliable and adaptable solution for managing diverse analog pathways
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Hardware Overview
How does it work?
MUX 4 Click based on the 74HC4851, a precise 8-channel analog multiplexer/demultiplexer from Nexperia USA Inc. The 74HC4851 has eight independent input/output channels labeled from CH1 to CH8 that accept analog and digital signals of any voltage up to 5V. Compared to its predecessors, the 74HC4851 is better to use because it has a higher tolerance to a disturbance on channels that are not connected. The signals can travel in both directions thanks to its characteristic of being both a multiplexer and a demultiplexer. The injection-current effect control, integrated inside the 74HC4851, allows signals at disabled analog input channels to exceed the supply voltage without affecting the signal of the enabled analog channel. This feature eliminates
the need for external diode/resistor networks to keep the analog channel signals within the supply-voltage range. MUX 4 Click communicates with MCU using several GPIO pins. With the EN pin, routed to the CS pin on the mikroBUS™ socket, set to its low logic state, one of the eight switches is selected by three pins labeled as S0, S1, and S2 routed to the RST, PWM, and INT pins on the mikroBUS™ socket. With the EN pin set to its high logic state, all switches are in the high-impedance OFF state, independent of S0 to S2 pins. In addition to its eight independent input/output pins, the 74HC4851 also has a common input/output pin where it is possible to select the signal input to a given pin, more precisely, whether the signal will be brought
externally from the terminal labeled as I/O or from mikroBUS™ socket AN pin. Selection can be performed by onboard SMD jumper labeled as I/O SEL to an appropriate position marked as AN and EXT. The MUX 4 Click has one nine-position spring terminal for all input/output signals, making all wire connections reliable and straightforward. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.
Features overview
Development board
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 is a compact development board designed as a complete solution that you can use to quickly build your own gadgets with unique functionalities. Featuring an STM32F407VGT6 MCU, four mikroBUS™ sockets for Click boards™ connectivity, power management, and more, it represents a perfect solution for the rapid development of many different types of applications. At its core is an STM32F407VGT6 MCU, a powerful microcontroller by STMicroelectronics based on the high-performance
Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit processor core operating at up to 168 MHz frequency. It provides sufficient processing power for the most demanding tasks, allowing Clicker 4 to adapt to any specific application requirements. Besides two 1x20 pin headers, four improved mikroBUS™ sockets represent the most distinctive connectivity feature, allowing access to a huge base of Click boards™, growing on a daily basis. Each section of Clicker 4 is clearly marked, offering an intuitive and clean interface. This makes working with the
development board much simpler and, thus, faster. The usability of Clicker 4 doesn’t end with its ability to accelerate the prototyping and application development stages: it is designed as a complete solution that can be implemented directly into any project, with no additional hardware modifications required. Four mounting holes [4.2mm/0.165”] at all four corners allow simple installation by using mounting screws.
Microcontroller Overview
MCU Card / MCU
Architecture
ARM Cortex-M4
MCU Memory (KB)
10
Silicon Vendor
STMicroelectronics
Pin count
100
RAM (Bytes)
100
Used MCU Pins
mikroBUS™ mapper
Take a closer look
Click board™ Schematic
Step by step
Project assembly
Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Clicker 4 for STM32F4 as your development board.
Track your results in real time
Application Output
1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.
2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.
3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.
Software Support
Library Description
This library contains API for MUX 4 Click driver.
Key functions:
mux4_read_an_pin_voltage- This function reads results of AD conversion of the AN pin and converts them to proportional voltage levelmux4_enable_input- This function enable or disables analog inputsmux4_select_input- This function selects which input channel signal is being forwarded to the AN/EXT pin
Open Source
Code example
The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.
/*!
* @file main.c
* @brief MUX 4 Click Example.
*
* # Description
* This example demonstrates the use of MUX 4 click board.
*
* The demo application is composed of two sections :
*
* ## Application Init
* Initializes the driver and enables analog inputs.
*
* ## Application Task
* Reads the voltage from all input channels and displays the values of
* each channel on the USB UART approximately every second.
*
* @author Stefan Filipovic
*
*/
#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "mux4.h"
static mux4_t mux4; /**< MUX 4 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger; /**< Logger object. */
void application_init ( void )
{
log_cfg_t log_cfg; /**< Logger config object. */
mux4_cfg_t mux4_cfg; /**< Click config object. */
/**
* Logger initialization.
* Default baud rate: 115200
* Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
* @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX
* are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will
* need to define them manually for log to work.
* See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
*/
LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
Delay_ms( 100 );
log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );
// Click initialization.
mux4_cfg_setup( &mux4_cfg );
MUX4_MAP_MIKROBUS( mux4_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
if ( ADC_ERROR == mux4_init( &mux4, &mux4_cfg ) )
{
log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );
for ( ; ; );
}
mux4_enable_input( &mux4, MUX4_ENABLE_INPUT );
}
void application_task ( void )
{
float mux4_an_voltage = 0;
for ( uint8_t cnt = MUX4_SELECT_INPUT_1; cnt <= MUX4_SELECT_INPUT_8; cnt++ )
{
mux4_select_input( &mux4, cnt );
Delay_ms( 10 );
if ( ADC_ERROR != mux4_read_an_pin_voltage ( &mux4, &mux4_an_voltage ) )
{
log_printf( &logger, " CH%u Voltage : %.3f V\r\n", ( uint16_t ) cnt, mux4_an_voltage );
}
}
log_printf( &logger, " ----------------------------\r\n" );
Delay_ms( 1000 );
}
void main ( void )
{
application_init( );
for ( ; ; )
{
application_task( );
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
