Intermediate
30 min

Monitor the movement of critical magnetic components using A1359 and ATmega328

Contactless magnetic position sensing

Magneto 9 Click with Arduino UNO Rev3

Published Feb 14, 2024

Click board™

Magneto 9 Click

Dev. board

Arduino UNO Rev3

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega328

Experience the future of magnetic sensing technology with our innovative solution, designed to monitor magnetic fields, magnet motion, and rotational angles for a wide range of applications

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Magneto 9 Click is based on the A1359, a one-time programmable, dual tracking output, linear Hall-effect sensor from Allegro MicroSystems. It provides a dual analog/PWM output, where the PWM output tracks the analog output to within a +/-3% mismatch. It comes with factory-programmed output polarity; in this case, a forward polarity, meaning that output voltage increases with increasing positive (south) applied magnetic field. The A1359 targets the automotive market with end applications, including electronic power steering (torque sensing), transmission component position, brake and clutch cylinder

position, and various other industrial applications. The analog output signal of the A1359 can be converted to a digital value using MCP3221, a successive approximation A/D converter with a 12-bit resolution from Microchip, using a 2-wire I2C compatible interface, or can be sent directly to an analog pin of the mikroBUS™ socket labeled as AN. Selection can be performed by onboard SMD jumper labeled AD SEL to an appropriate position marked as AN and ADC. The MCP3221 provides one single-ended input with low power consumption, a low maximum conversion current, and a Standby current of 250μA and 1μA,

respectively. Data can be transferred at up to 100kbit/s in the Standard and 400kbit/s in the Fast Mode. Also, maximum sample rates of 22.3kSPS with the MCP3221 are possible in a Continuous-Conversion Mode with a clock rate of 400kHz. This Click board™ can be operated only with a 5V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. Also, it comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Magneto 9 Click top side image
Magneto 9 Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the

first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.

Arduino UNO Rev3 double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

32

RAM (Bytes)

2048

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Analog Output
PC0
AN
NC
NC
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
NC
NC
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
PWM Signal
PD6
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PC5
SCL
I2C Data
PC4
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Magneto 9 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Arduino UNO Rev3 as your development board.

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly
Arduino UNO Rev3 front image hardware assembly
Barometer 13 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Arduino UNO Rev3 MB 1 - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Arduino UNO MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Magneto 9 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • magneto9_read_adc_voltage - This function reads raw 12-bit ADC data and converts it to voltage by using I2C serial interface

  • magneto9_read_an_pin_voltage - This function reads results of AD conversion of the AN pin and converts them to proportional voltage level

  • magneto9_get_pwm_pin - This function returns the PWM pin logic state.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Magneto 9 Click Example.
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Magneto 9 click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and logger.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Reads the ADC voltage and calculates the magnetic field strength from it.
 * Voltage increases with increasing positive (south) applied magnetic field.
 * All data are being displayed on the USB UART where you can track their changes.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "magneto9.h"

static magneto9_t magneto9;   /**< Magneto 9 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger;          /**< Logger object. */

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;            /**< Logger config object. */
    magneto9_cfg_t magneto9_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    Delay_ms ( 100 );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    magneto9_cfg_setup( &magneto9_cfg );
    MAGNETO9_MAP_MIKROBUS( magneto9_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( ADC_ERROR == magneto9_init( &magneto9, &magneto9_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );

        for ( ; ; );
    }
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    float voltage = 0;
    
    if ( MAGNETO9_OK == magneto9_read_an_pin_voltage ( &magneto9, &voltage ) )
    {
        float field_strength = MAGNETO9_VOLTAGE_TO_FIELD_STRENGTH ( voltage );
        log_printf( &logger, " ADC Voltage : %.3f V\r\n", voltage );
        log_printf( &logger, " Magnetic field strength : %.3f mT\r\n", field_strength );
        if ( field_strength < 0 )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " The North Pole magnetic field prevails.\r\n\n" );
        }
        else
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " The South Pole magnetic field prevails.\r\n\n" );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Magneto 9 Click Example.
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Magneto 9 click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and logger.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Reads the ADC voltage and calculates the magnetic field strength from it.
 * Voltage increases with increasing positive (south) applied magnetic field.
 * All data are being displayed on the USB UART where you can track their changes.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "magneto9.h"

static magneto9_t magneto9;   /**< Magneto 9 Click driver object. */
static log_t logger;          /**< Logger object. */

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;            /**< Logger config object. */
    magneto9_cfg_t magneto9_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    Delay_ms ( 100 );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    magneto9_cfg_setup( &magneto9_cfg );
    MAGNETO9_MAP_MIKROBUS( magneto9_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( ADC_ERROR == magneto9_init( &magneto9, &magneto9_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );

        for ( ; ; );
    }
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    float voltage = 0;
    
    if ( MAGNETO9_OK == magneto9_read_an_pin_voltage ( &magneto9, &voltage ) )
    {
        float field_strength = MAGNETO9_VOLTAGE_TO_FIELD_STRENGTH ( voltage );
        log_printf( &logger, " ADC Voltage : %.3f V\r\n", voltage );
        log_printf( &logger, " Magnetic field strength : %.3f mT\r\n", field_strength );
        if ( field_strength < 0 )
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " The North Pole magnetic field prevails.\r\n\n" );
        }
        else
        {
            log_printf( &logger, " The South Pole magnetic field prevails.\r\n\n" );
        }
    }
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

Love this project?

'Buy This Kit' button takes you directly to the shopping cart where you can easily add or remove products.