Intermediate
30 min

Increase the number of STM32F091RC’s I/O ports with CAT9555

More I/Os, more fun!

Expand 14 Click with Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU

Published Feb 26, 2024

Click board™

Expand 14 Click

Dev. board

Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F091RC

Boost your microcontroller's capabilities with a versatile and trustworthy port expander

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Expand 14 Click is based on the CAT9555, a general-purpose I/O expander from ON Semiconductor. It contains two 8-bit configuration ports (input or output), input, output, and polarity inversion registers, alongside an I2C-compatible serial interface, where any of the sixteen I/Os can be configured as an input or output by writing to the configuration register. This port expander represents a simple solution when additional I/Os are needed while keeping interconnections to a minimum; particularly great for sensors, power switches, LEDs, pushbuttons, and fans. Each I/O port is 5V input tolerant, with a high current

I/O drive sink of up to 25mA and an I/O source of up to 10mA, maximum. Additionally, each I/O port is compatible with logic thresholds of 2.5V, 3.3V, and 5V. This Click board™ communicates with MCU using the standard I2C 2-Wire interface with a maximum clock frequency of 400kHz. The CAT9555 has a 7-bit slave address with the first four MSBs fixed to 0100. The address pins A0, A1, and A2 are programmed by the user and determine the value of the last three LSBs of the slave address, which can be selected by positioning onboard SMD jumpers labeled as ADDR SEL to an appropriate position marked as 0 or 1.

Besides, it also features an active-low interrupt feature, routed to the INT pin of the mikroBUS™ socket, indicating to the host controller that an input state has been changed. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

Expand 14 Click top side image
Expand 14 Click lateral side image
Expand 14 Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin

headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is

provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.

Nucleo 64 with STM32F091RC MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

256

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

64

RAM (Bytes)

32768

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Interrupt
PC14
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PB8
SCL
I2C Data
PB9
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Expand 14 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image hardware assembly
Nucleo 64 with STM32F401RE MCU front image hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
LTE IoT 5 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Nucleo-64 with STM32XXX MCU Access MB 1 Mini B Conn - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 HA MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Expand 14 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • expand14_set_pin_direction This function sets the direction of the selected pins.

  • expand14_set_all_pins_value This function sets the value of all output pins.

  • expand14_read_port_value This function reads the value of the selected port input pins.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Expand14 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Expand 14 click board by setting and reading 
 * the ports state.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets 
 * the port 0 as output and the port 1 as input.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Sets the pins of the port 0 and then reads the status of both ports and 
 * displays the results on the USB UART approximately once per second.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "expand14.h"

static expand14_t expand14;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    expand14_cfg_t expand14_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    expand14_cfg_setup( &expand14_cfg );
    EXPAND14_MAP_MIKROBUS( expand14_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == expand14_init( &expand14, &expand14_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( EXPAND14_ERROR == expand14_default_cfg ( &expand14 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t port_value = 0;
    for ( uint16_t pin_num = EXPAND14_PIN_0_MASK; pin_num <= EXPAND14_PIN_7_MASK; pin_num <<= 1 )
    {
        expand14_set_all_pins_value( &expand14, pin_num );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_0, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 0 (output): 0x%.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_1, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 1 (input) : 0x%.2X\r\n\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    }
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Expand14 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Expand 14 click board by setting and reading 
 * the ports state.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets 
 * the port 0 as output and the port 1 as input.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Sets the pins of the port 0 and then reads the status of both ports and 
 * displays the results on the USB UART approximately once per second.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "expand14.h"

static expand14_t expand14;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    expand14_cfg_t expand14_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    expand14_cfg_setup( &expand14_cfg );
    EXPAND14_MAP_MIKROBUS( expand14_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == expand14_init( &expand14, &expand14_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( EXPAND14_ERROR == expand14_default_cfg ( &expand14 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t port_value = 0;
    for ( uint16_t pin_num = EXPAND14_PIN_0_MASK; pin_num <= EXPAND14_PIN_7_MASK; pin_num <<= 1 )
    {
        expand14_set_all_pins_value( &expand14, pin_num );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_0, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 0 (output): 0x%.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_1, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 1 (input) : 0x%.2X\r\n\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    }
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Expand14 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This example demonstrates the use of Expand 14 click board by setting and reading 
 * the ports state.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration which sets 
 * the port 0 as output and the port 1 as input.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Sets the pins of the port 0 and then reads the status of both ports and 
 * displays the results on the USB UART approximately once per second.
 *
 * @author Stefan Filipovic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "expand14.h"

static expand14_t expand14;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) 
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    expand14_cfg_t expand14_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    expand14_cfg_setup( &expand14_cfg );
    EXPAND14_MAP_MIKROBUS( expand14_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == expand14_init( &expand14, &expand14_cfg ) ) 
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( EXPAND14_ERROR == expand14_default_cfg ( &expand14 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) 
{
    uint8_t port_value = 0;
    for ( uint16_t pin_num = EXPAND14_PIN_0_MASK; pin_num <= EXPAND14_PIN_7_MASK; pin_num <<= 1 )
    {
        expand14_set_all_pins_value( &expand14, pin_num );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_0, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 0 (output): 0x%.2X\r\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        
        expand14_read_port_value( &expand14, EXPAND14_PORT_1, &port_value );
        log_printf( &logger, " Status port 1 (input) : 0x%.2X\r\n\n", ( uint16_t ) port_value );
        Delay_ms ( 1000 );
    }
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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