Intermediate
30 min

Upgrade your projects with all-in-one sensing solution based on the IQS621 and STM32F091RC

Sensory fusion: touch, magnetism, and beyond!

ProxFusion 2 Click with Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU

Published Feb 26, 2024

Click board™

ProxFusion 2 Click

Dev. board

Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F091RC

Our groundbreaking solution, combining capacitive touch, Hall-effect, and inductance sensing capabilities, aims to provide a comprehensive and versatile sensing platform that opens the door to a myriad of applications across various industries

A

A

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

ProxFusion 2 Click is based on the IQS621, a multifunctional sensor with ambient light (ALS), capacitive touch, Hall-effect, and inductance sensing capabilities, from Azoteq. Their IQ Switch® ProxFusion® sensor series is one of the first to incorporate several sensory functions on the same die. This makes the IQS62x series perfectly suited for compact designs, such as those used in IoT or various home automation systems. The IQS621 IC does not sacrifice any feature in favor of having multiple sensors on the same chip; on the contrary, it offers all the key features commonly found on other stand-alone sensors. The sensitivity of IQS621 is improved by using a regulated and stable internal power supply, along with the Automatic Tuning Implementation (ATI) technology, which provides consistent readings, regardless of environmental conditions. The capacitive sensor is based on the proven ProxSense® technology. It allows self-capacitance sensing, adjustable proximity and touch thresholds, alternative ATI modes, and individual sensitivity setups. The IQS621 offers two distinctive user interfaces that can be used with the capacitive sensor: Discrete Button UI and Hysteresis UI. Both interfaces offer programmable registers to set up the sensing parameters, such as

thresholds, filter settings, ATI settings, and more. While the Discrete prox/touch UI is more suited to be used as the ON/OFF switch detector, the Hysteresis UI can program sensing of more complex events. An inductive sensor is also present on this IC. It can be used to detect the presence of metal objects. Again, two distinct user interfaces are available, each with its own set of registers. There is a Discrete Button UI, as well as the Hysteresis UI. The detection thresholds are widely adjustable, allowing reliable detection of even smaller metallic objects. ProxFusion® 2 click has the PCB trace coil area, which allows inductive detection. The same area of the Click board™ is used to sense capacitive events. The IQS621 also features an ambient light sensor (ALS). The ALS UI outputs readings directly in Lux, requiring no additional conversion. The ALS response is calibrated according to the human eye. It also features an IR filter, reducing the influence of infrared light. The ALS includes a selectable range and two threshold settings for day/night indication. ALS enables the design of smart light switches: detecting night/day events might be used to regulate the lighting, for example. Hall-effect sensors can be used to detect changes in the magnetic field. Unlike the capacitive and

inductive sensors, the Hall sensor requires no external parts since Hall plates are embedded into the IC. Hall-sensor allows several events to be detected, as an advanced signal processing algorithm supports it. Besides other features, it can detect field pole orientation (N/S), allowing it to be used as a switch. This allows it to be used for different kinds of contactless HMIs. A temperature sensor is one of the most commonly used sensors. It can be found even on other sensors, such as pressure or humidity, since the temperature affects readings. The role of the thermal sensor in IQS621 is no different: it is used to provide a calibration base for other sensors on this IC. However, this sensor can also monitor the ambient temperature in any application. Finally, each detected ON/OFF type event can be monitored in the Global events register. This is very useful as the host MCU can only poll a few registers to discover these events. The communication with the IQS621 is done over the I2C interface with the additional RDY pin. This pin is routed to the INT pin of the mikroBUS™ and indicates a communications window. The Click board™ is designed to work with 3.3V only. A proper level translation circuit should be used when using it with MCUs that use 5V levels for their communication.

ProxFusion 2 Click top side image
ProxFusion 2 Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU offers a cost-effective and adaptable platform for developers to explore new ideas and prototype their designs. This board harnesses the versatility of the STM32 microcontroller, enabling users to select the optimal balance of performance and power consumption for their projects. It accommodates the STM32 microcontroller in the LQFP64 package and includes essential components such as a user LED, which doubles as an ARDUINO® signal, alongside user and reset push-buttons, and a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator for precise timing operations. Designed with expansion and flexibility in mind, the Nucleo-64 board features an ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector and ST morpho extension pin

headers, granting complete access to the STM32's I/Os for comprehensive project integration. Power supply options are adaptable, supporting ST-LINK USB VBUS or external power sources, ensuring adaptability in various development environments. The board also has an on-board ST-LINK debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability, simplifying the programming and debugging process. Moreover, the board is designed to simplify advanced development with its external SMPS for efficient Vcore logic supply, support for USB Device full speed or USB SNK/UFP full speed, and built-in cryptographic features, enhancing both the power efficiency and security of projects. Additional connectivity is

provided through dedicated connectors for external SMPS experimentation, a USB connector for the ST-LINK, and a MIPI® debug connector, expanding the possibilities for hardware interfacing and experimentation. Developers will find extensive support through comprehensive free software libraries and examples, courtesy of the STM32Cube MCU Package. This, combined with compatibility with a wide array of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), including IAR Embedded Workbench®, MDK-ARM, and STM32CubeIDE, ensures a smooth and efficient development experience, allowing users to fully leverage the capabilities of the Nucleo-64 board in their projects.

Nucleo 64 with STM32F091RC MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

256

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

64

RAM (Bytes)

32768

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 comes equipped with two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with no effort. This way, Mikroe allows its users to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™, such as WiFi, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, environmental sensors, LEDs, speech recognition, motor control, movement sensors, and many more. More than 1537 Click boards™, which can be stacked and integrated, are at your disposal. The STM32 Nucleo-64 boards are based on the microcontrollers in 64-pin packages, a 32-bit MCU with an ARM Cortex M4 processor operating at 84MHz, 512Kb Flash, and 96KB SRAM, divided into two regions where the top section represents the ST-Link/V2 debugger and programmer while the bottom section of the board is an actual development board. These boards are controlled and powered conveniently through a USB connection to program and efficiently debug the Nucleo-64 board out of the box, with an additional USB cable connected to the USB mini port on the board. Most of the STM32 microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the STM32 Nucleo-64 board with our Click Shield for Nucleo-64, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

NC
NC
AN
NC
NC
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
Data Ready
PC14
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
I2C Clock
PB8
SCL
I2C Data
PB9
SDA
NC
NC
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

ProxFusion 2 Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo-64 with STM32F091RC MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-64 front image hardware assembly
Nucleo 64 with STM32F401RE MCU front image hardware assembly
EEPROM 13 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Nucleo-64 with STM32XXX MCU MB 1 Mini B Conn - upright/background hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
Clicker 4 for STM32F4 HA MCU Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for ProxFusion 2 Click driver.

Key functions:

  • proxfusion2_detect_touch - Function for detecting touch

  • proxfusion2_detect_dark_light - Function for read ambient light

  • proxfusion2_detect_hall - Function for read Hall-effect

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief ProxFusion2 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example demontrates the use of ProxFusion 2 Click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * - Checks whether Touch is detected and measures the output detection.
 * - Measures Ambient lighting - whether it's Light or Dark, ALS range and ALS output.
 * - Checks the orientation of the magnet and measures the HALL output.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "proxfusion2.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static proxfusion2_t proxfusion2;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    proxfusion2_cfg_t proxfusion2_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    proxfusion2_cfg_setup( &proxfusion2_cfg );
    PROXFUSION2_MAP_MIKROBUS( proxfusion2_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == proxfusion2_init( &proxfusion2, &proxfusion2_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( PROXFUSION2_ERROR == proxfusion2_default_cfg ( &proxfusion2 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t als_range = 0;
    uint8_t hall_detect = 0;
    uint16_t read_data = 0;
    if ( PROXFUSION2_TOUCH_DETECTED == proxfusion2_detect_touch( &proxfusion2 ) )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " TOUCH: YES\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " TOUCH: NO\r\n" );
    }
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2 , PROXFUSION2_HYSTERESIS_UI_OUTPUT );
    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n\n", read_data );
 
    if ( PROXFUSION2_AMBIENT_DARK == proxfusion2_detect_dark_light( &proxfusion2, &als_range ) )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " AMBIENT: DARK\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " AMBIENT: LIGHT\r\n" );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, " RANGE: %u\r\n", ( uint16_t ) als_range );
 
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2, PROXFUSION2_ALS_UI_OUTPUT );

    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n\n", read_data );
 
    hall_detect = proxfusion2_detect_hall( &proxfusion2 );
    if ( PROXFUSION2_HALL_NORTH == hall_detect )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: NORTH\r\n" );
    }
    else if ( PROXFUSION2_HALL_SOUTH == hall_detect )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: SOUTH\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: UNKNOWN\r\n" );
    }
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2, PROXFUSION2_HALL_EFFECT_UI_OUTPUT );
    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n", read_data );
    
    log_printf( &logger, " --------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END
/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief ProxFusion2 Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This example demontrates the use of ProxFusion 2 Click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initializes the driver and performs the click default configuration.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * - Checks whether Touch is detected and measures the output detection.
 * - Measures Ambient lighting - whether it's Light or Dark, ALS range and ALS output.
 * - Checks the orientation of the magnet and measures the HALL output.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "proxfusion2.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static proxfusion2_t proxfusion2;
static log_t logger;

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    proxfusion2_cfg_t proxfusion2_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.
    proxfusion2_cfg_setup( &proxfusion2_cfg );
    PROXFUSION2_MAP_MIKROBUS( proxfusion2_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    if ( I2C_MASTER_ERROR == proxfusion2_init( &proxfusion2, &proxfusion2_cfg ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Communication init." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    if ( PROXFUSION2_ERROR == proxfusion2_default_cfg ( &proxfusion2 ) )
    {
        log_error( &logger, " Default configuration." );
        for ( ; ; );
    }
    
    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    uint8_t als_range = 0;
    uint8_t hall_detect = 0;
    uint16_t read_data = 0;
    if ( PROXFUSION2_TOUCH_DETECTED == proxfusion2_detect_touch( &proxfusion2 ) )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " TOUCH: YES\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " TOUCH: NO\r\n" );
    }
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2 , PROXFUSION2_HYSTERESIS_UI_OUTPUT );
    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n\n", read_data );
 
    if ( PROXFUSION2_AMBIENT_DARK == proxfusion2_detect_dark_light( &proxfusion2, &als_range ) )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " AMBIENT: DARK\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " AMBIENT: LIGHT\r\n" );
    }
    log_printf( &logger, " RANGE: %u\r\n", ( uint16_t ) als_range );
 
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2, PROXFUSION2_ALS_UI_OUTPUT );

    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n\n", read_data );
 
    hall_detect = proxfusion2_detect_hall( &proxfusion2 );
    if ( PROXFUSION2_HALL_NORTH == hall_detect )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: NORTH\r\n" );
    }
    else if ( PROXFUSION2_HALL_SOUTH == hall_detect )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: SOUTH\r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " HALL: UNKNOWN\r\n" );
    }
    read_data = proxfusion2_read_data( &proxfusion2, PROXFUSION2_HALL_EFFECT_UI_OUTPUT );
    log_printf( &logger, " LEVEL: %u\r\n", read_data );
    
    log_printf( &logger, " --------------\r\n" );
    Delay_ms ( 1000 );
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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