Improve your audio with our powerful amplifier based on TPA3138D2 and PIC18F57Q43

AudioAmp 6 Click is based on the TPA3138D2, a stereo class-D audio amplifier from Texas Instruments. It has many features that make this IC a very attractive solution for battery-powered and stand-alone active speakers. It is very flexible regarding the PSU voltage: it can work with voltages within the range of 3.5V to 14.4V. With only 3.5V at the PSU connector, it can still deliver 1W of power to the 6Ω load (per channel). However, its nominal operating voltage is 12V, reaching up to 18.5W of power to the single connected 4Ω speaker, with 10% of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The TPA3138D2 IC features a set of protections, including output short circuit, over-temperature, under-voltage, and over-voltage protection. These protections will be reported at the SD/FAULT (EN) I/O pin if any of these protections are activated. The TPA3138D2 IC can also detect a constant DC current at the output. When a DC detection event occurs, the outputs are turned OFF, protecting the connected speakers. Very often, a DC detection event can be triggered when the circuit is powered up, so it is advisable to hold the EN pin to a LOW logic level for a short period, preventing faulty DC detection reports and loud pops. The output stage of the TPA3138D2 operates in Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) topology. This means there are two outputs per channel: inverted and non-inverted (OUTN and OUTP). In the case of the AudioAmp 6 click, both of these differential outputs

are tied in a bridge topology (PBTL), yielding even more power on a single speaker at the cost of somewhat higher THD, which is still an acceptable tradeoff in subwoofer/central speaker applications. The amplifier does not process the input in any way; therefore, it should be connected to a pre-processed sound output from the active crossover or a dedicated SW/Center output from the audio playback device. The class-d amplifier produces the sound by modulating the pulse-with of the output voltage. It offers a choice of two PWM modulation schemes, selectable by the MODE_SEL pin of the IC. This pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ RST pin, labeled as MDS on this Click board™. By default, a resistor pulls the MDS pin to a HIGH logic level. When the MDS pin is set to a LOW logic level, the TPA3138D2 uses the BD Modulation scheme. This modulation scheme is less power-efficient but yields a better THD ratio. When set to a HIGH logic level, TPA3138D2 will operate using the 1SPW Modulation scheme, which is set for this Click board™ by default (pull-up resistor). This modulation scheme allows for low idle current and better overall efficiency at the expense of somewhat increased THD. The SD/FAULT pin allows the host MCU to enable/disable outputs. Pulling this pin to a LOW logic level makes the outputs muted, and the TPA3138D2 IC enters the low-current state, reducing the supply current to the absolute minimum level.

Muting the TPA3138D2 before cutting down the power supply reduces the pops and clicks that might appear in this case. The SD/FAULT pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ CS pin labeled EN on this Click board™, and a resistor pulls it to a HIGH logic level. There is a selectable input gain on Audio Amp 5 click. Applying a LOW logic level to the GAIN_SEL pin sets the input gain to 20dB. A HIGH logic level sets the input gain to 26dB. This allows matching the input signal to reach the optimal output level. This pin is routed to the mikroBUS™ PWM pin labeled as GS and pulled to the LOW logic level by a resistor. The external PSU should be connected to the VIN terminal. A line-level audio source can be connected to the LINE IN 3.5mm jack stereo connector, while the speaker should be connected to the OUT terminal. These terminals have their polarities marked on the top overlay. Although the TPA3138D2 IC requires an external PSU, it still uses power from the mikroBUS™ for the logic levels of its control pins. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used, as a reference, for further development.

PIC18F57Q43 Curiosity Nano evaluation kit is a cutting-edge hardware platform designed to evaluate microcontrollers within the PIC18-Q43 family. Central to its design is the inclusion of the powerful PIC18F57Q43 microcontroller (MCU), offering advanced functionalities and robust performance. Key features of this evaluation kit include a yellow user LED and a responsive

mechanical user switch, providing seamless interaction and testing. The provision for a 32.768kHz crystal footprint ensures precision timing capabilities. With an onboard debugger boasting a green power and status LED, programming and debugging become intuitive and efficient. Further enhancing its utility is the Virtual serial port (CDC) and a debug GPIO channel (DGI

GPIO), offering extensive connectivity options. Powered via USB, this kit boasts an adjustable target voltage feature facilitated by the MIC5353 LDO regulator, ensuring stable operation with an output voltage ranging from 1.8V to 5.1V, with a maximum output current of 500mA, subject to ambient temperature and voltage constraints.