Develop a high-power motor control system with IR2104S and ATmega328P

Mastery of motor control achieved

Published Feb 14, 2024

Click board™

Driver 2 Click

Dev. board

Arduino UNO Rev3

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

ATmega328P

Don't let limitations hold you back. Take charge of your motors with advanced brushed motor control. Take low-power input, and get high-power output now!

Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Driver 2 Click is based on the IR2104S, a high-voltage, high-speed power MOSFET and IGBT driver with typical 0.21A source and 0.36A sink currents and independent high and low side referenced output channels from Infineon Technologies. A gate driver IR2104S represents a power amplifier that accepts a low-power input from a controller IC and produces a high-current drive input for the gate of a high-power transistor such as a power MOSFET. In essence, it consists of a level shifter in combination with an amplifier. It has many applications, ranging from the DC-DC power supply for high power density and efficiency to a wide range of motor applications such as home appliances, industrial drives, DC brushed and brushless motors, and more. This Click board™ has a logic input compatible with standard CMOS or LSTTL outputs, down to 3.3V logic, and features the additional Shutdown function. The output drivers feature a high pulse current buffer

stage designed for minimum driver cross-conduction. It also possesses a precision voltage comparator, the LM393, with input offset voltage specifications as low as 2.0 mV built to permit a common-mode range–to–ground level with single supply operation from STMicroelectronics. In combination with the INT pin, with the help of this comparator, we can get feedback in case of exceeding the maximum current value on the LOAD terminal (over-current detection). Driver 2 Click operates with the PWM signal that drives the input IN pin of the IR2104S and communicates with MCU with two other pins routed on the INT and CS pins of the mikroBUS™ socket labeled as FB and SD. This Click board™ possesses three connectors, one representing an external power supply labeled as VIN in the range from 12 to 45V. The next one is the gate-driver power supply terminal with a fixed voltage value of 12V, and the last terminal labeled as LOAD is a

terminal that can supply the load with a maximum current of up to 10A. As mentioned before, additional functionality is two pins routed on the CS and INT pins of the mikroBUS™ socket. A signal on the CS pin labeled as SD represents a Shutdown function able to turn off both channels of the IR2104S, while another pin, INT, marked as the FB is an indication, more accurately an interrupt, to the MCU if the maximum value of the output current is exceeded. This Click board™ can only be operated with a 5V logic voltage level. The board must perform appropriate logic voltage level conversion before using MCUs with different logic levels. However, the Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Features overview

Development board

Arduino UNO is a versatile microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P chip. It offers extensive connectivity options for various projects, featuring 14 digital input/output pins, six of which are PWM-capable, along with six analog inputs. Its core components include a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button, providing everything necessary to power and program the board. The Uno is ready to go, whether connected to a computer via USB or powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. As the first USB Arduino board, it serves as the benchmark for the Arduino platform, with "Uno" symbolizing its status as the

first in a series. This name choice, meaning "one" in Italian, commemorates the launch of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. Initially introduced alongside version 1.0 of the Arduino Software (IDE), the Uno has since become the foundational model for subsequent Arduino releases, embodying the platform's evolution.

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

Architecture

AVR

MCU Memory (KB)

Silicon Vendor

Microchip

Pin count

RAM (Bytes)

2048

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Arduino UNO has two proprietary mikroBUS™ sockets, allowing all the Click board™ devices to be interfaced with the Arduino UNO board without effort. The Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, provides an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new concepts and build prototypes with the ATmega328P microcontroller from various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and reset button. Most of the ATmega328P microcontroller pins are brought to the IO pins on the left and right edge of the board, which are then connected to two existing mikroBUS™ sockets. This Click Shield also has several switches that perform functions such as selecting the logic levels of analog signals on mikroBUS™ sockets and selecting logic voltage levels of the mikroBUS™ sockets themselves. Besides, the user is offered the possibility of using any Click board™ with the help of existing bidirectional level-shifting voltage translators, regardless of whether the Click board™ operates at a 3.3V or 5V logic voltage level. Once you connect the Arduino UNO board with our Click Shield for Arduino UNO, you can access hundreds of Click boards™, working with 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels.

DC Gear Motor - 430RPM (3-6V) represents an all-in-one combination of a motor and gearbox, where the addition of gear leads to a reduction of motor speed while increasing the torque output. This gear motor has a spur gearbox, making it a highly reliable solution for applications with lower torque and speed requirements. The most critical parameters for gear motors are speed, torque, and efficiency, which are, in this case, 520RPM with no load and 430RPM at maximum efficiency, alongside a current of 60mA and a torque of 50g.cm. Rated for a 3-6V operational voltage range and clockwise/counterclockwise rotation direction, this motor represents an excellent solution for many functions initially performed by brushed DC motors in robotics, medical equipment, electric door locks, and much more.

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

RST

Shutdown

PB2

SCK

MISO

MOSI

3.3V

Ground

GND

PWM Signal

PD6

PWM

Feedback

PC3

INT

SCL

SDA

Power Supply

Ground

GND

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Arduino UNO front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Arduino UNO Rev3 as your development board.

Arduino UNO Rev3 front image hardware assembly

Charger 27 Click front image hardware assembly

Charger 27 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly

Board mapper by product8 hardware assembly

Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly

Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Driver 2 Click driver.

Key functions:

void driver2_set_sd_pin ( uint8_t state ) - Set SD pin
void driver2_set_pwm_pin ( uint8_t state ) - Set PWM pin
uint8_t driver2_get_fb_pin ( void ) - Get FB pin

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * @file main.c
 * @brief Driver2 Click example
 *
 * # Description
 * This is an example that demonstrates the use of the Driver 2 Click board.
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 *
 * ## Application Init
 * Initializes driver module and sets PWM.
 *
 * ## Application Task
 * Start motor example with change in motor speed using changes in PWM duty cycle.
 *
 *
 * @author Stefan Ilic
 *
 */

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "driver2.h"

static driver2_t driver2;
static log_t logger;

void application_init ( void ) {
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;  /**< Logger config object. */
    driver2_cfg_t driver2_cfg;  /**< Click config object. */

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info( &logger, " Application Init " );

    // Click initialization.

    driver2_cfg_setup( &driver2_cfg );
    DRIVER2_MAP_MIKROBUS( driver2_cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    err_t init_flag  = driver2_init( &driver2, &driver2_cfg );
    if ( PWM_ERROR == init_flag ) {
        log_error( &logger, " Application Init Error. " );
        log_info( &logger, " Please, run program again... " );

        for ( ; ; );
    }

    driver2_default_cfg ( &driver2 );

    driver2_set_duty_cycle ( &driver2, 0.0 );
    driver2_pwm_start( &driver2 );

    log_info( &logger, " Application Task " );
}

void application_task ( void ) {
    static int8_t duty_cnt = 1;
    static int8_t duty_inc = 1;
    float duty = duty_cnt / 10.0;
    
    driver2_set_duty_cycle ( &driver2, duty );
    log_printf( &logger, "> Duty: %d%%\r\n", ( uint16_t )( duty_cnt * 10 ) );
    
    Delay_ms ( 500 );
    
    if ( 10 == duty_cnt ) {
        duty_inc = -1;
    } else if ( 0 == duty_cnt ) {
        duty_inc = 1;
    }
    duty_cnt += duty_inc;
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END