Intermediate
30 min

Craft seamless motion control experiences with TLE4966K and STM32F031K6

How direction detection transforms your DIY electronics

Index Counter Click with Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Published Oct 01, 2024

Click board™

Index Counter Click

Dev. board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU

Compiler

NECTO Studio

MCU

STM32F031K6

Unleash your creativity and develop groundbreaking solutions with a high-precision Hall-Effect switch that offers directional sensing capabilities

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Hardware Overview

How does it work?

Index Counter Click is based around the TLE4966K, which is a high sensitivity and high stability of the magnetic switching points sensor with reverse battery protection from Infineon. This sensor has many features that make it a perfect solution for small designs such as the Index Counter Click board™. One of these features is certainly its high level of integration that allows a minimal number of external components. The TLE4966K provides excellent temperature compensation capability for keeping the output stable under changing temperature. It is designed specifically for highly accurate applications with a speed signal for every magnetic pole pair, as well as direction

information. The TLE4966 Hall Sensors feature two integrated and calibrated sensor elements for detecting direction and counting indexes. This feature eliminates the need for a second sensor and cuts engineering and production costs. Using just one sensor also raises system quality and reliability. The chopped Double Hall Switch comprises two Hall probes, bias generator, compensation circuits, oscillator, and output transistors. The bias generator provides currents for the Hall probes and the active circuits. Compensation circuits stabilize the temperature behavior and reduce technology variations. The Active Error Compensation rejects offsets in signal

stages and the influence of mechanical stress to the Hall probes caused by molding and soldering processes and other thermal stresses in the package. This chopper technique together with the threshold generator and the comparator ensures high accurate magnetic switching points. This Click board™ can operate with either 3.3V or 5V logic voltage levels selected via the VCC SEL jumper. This way, both 3.3V and 5V capable MCUs can use the communication lines properly. Also, this Click board™ comes equipped with a library containing easy-to-use functions and an example code that can be used as a reference for further development.

Index Counter Click top side image
Index Counter Click bottom side image

Features overview

Development board

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU board provides an affordable and flexible platform for experimenting with STM32 microcontrollers in 32-pin packages. Featuring Arduino™ Nano connectivity, it allows easy expansion with specialized shields, while being mbed-enabled for seamless integration with online resources. The

board includes an on-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer, supporting USB reenumeration with three interfaces: Virtual Com port, mass storage, and debug port. It offers a flexible power supply through either USB VBUS or an external source. Additionally, it includes three LEDs (LD1 for USB communication, LD2 for power,

and LD3 as a user LED) and a reset push button. The STM32 Nucleo-32 board is supported by various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as IAR™, Keil®, and GCC-based IDEs like AC6 SW4STM32, making it a versatile tool for developers.

Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU double side image

Microcontroller Overview

MCU Card / MCU

default

Architecture

ARM Cortex-M0

MCU Memory (KB)

32

Silicon Vendor

STMicroelectronics

Pin count

32

RAM (Bytes)

4096

You complete me!

Accessories

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is the perfect way to expand your development board's functionalities with STM32 Nucleo-32 pinout. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 provides two mikroBUS™ sockets to add any functionality from our ever-growing range of Click boards™. We are fully stocked with everything, from sensors and WiFi transceivers to motor control and audio amplifiers. The Click Shield for Nucleo-32 is compatible with the STM32 Nucleo-32 board, providing an affordable and flexible way for users to try out new ideas and quickly create prototypes with any STM32 microcontrollers, choosing from the various combinations of performance, power consumption, and features. The STM32 Nucleo-32 boards do not require any separate probe as they integrate the ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer and come with the STM32 comprehensive software HAL library and various packaged software examples. This development platform provides users with an effortless and common way to combine the STM32 Nucleo-32 footprint compatible board with their favorite Click boards™ in their upcoming projects.

Click Shield for Nucleo-32 accessories 1 image

Used MCU Pins

mikroBUS™ mapper

Direction
PA0
AN
Speed
PA11
RST
NC
NC
CS
NC
NC
SCK
NC
NC
MISO
NC
NC
MOSI
Power Supply
3.3V
3.3V
Ground
GND
GND
NC
NC
PWM
NC
NC
INT
NC
NC
TX
NC
NC
RX
NC
NC
SCL
NC
NC
SDA
Power Supply
5V
5V
Ground
GND
GND
1

Take a closer look

Click board™ Schematic

Index Counter Click Schematic schematic

Step by step

Project assembly

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly

Start by selecting your development board and Click board™. Begin with the Nucleo 32 with STM32F031K6 MCU as your development board.

Click Shield for Nucleo-144 front image hardware assembly
Nucleo 144 with STM32L4A6ZG MCU front image hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click front image hardware assembly
Prog-cut hardware assembly
Stepper 22 Click complete accessories setup image hardware assembly
Board mapper by product8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 2 hardware assembly
Necto image step 3 hardware assembly
Necto image step 4 hardware assembly
Necto image step 5 hardware assembly
Necto image step 6 hardware assembly
STM32 M4 Clicker HA MCU/Select Step hardware assembly
Necto No Display image step 8 hardware assembly
Necto image step 9 hardware assembly
Necto image step 10 hardware assembly
Debug Image Necto Step hardware assembly

Track your results in real time

Application Output

1. Application Output - In Debug mode, the 'Application Output' window enables real-time data monitoring, offering direct insight into execution results. Ensure proper data display by configuring the environment correctly using the provided tutorial.

2. UART Terminal - Use the UART Terminal to monitor data transmission via a USB to UART converter, allowing direct communication between the Click board™ and your development system. Configure the baud rate and other serial settings according to your project's requirements to ensure proper functionality. For step-by-step setup instructions, refer to the provided tutorial.

3. Plot Output - The Plot feature offers a powerful way to visualize real-time sensor data, enabling trend analysis, debugging, and comparison of multiple data points. To set it up correctly, follow the provided tutorial, which includes a step-by-step example of using the Plot feature to display Click board™ readings. To use the Plot feature in your code, use the function: plot(*insert_graph_name*, variable_name);. This is a general format, and it is up to the user to replace 'insert_graph_name' with the actual graph name and 'variable_name' with the parameter to be displayed.

Software Support

Library Description

This library contains API for Index Counter Click driver.

Key functions:

  • indexcounter_get_dir - This function returns a state of the direction DIR ( AN ) pin

  • indexcounter_get_speed - This function returns a state of the speed SPD ( RST ) pin.

Open Source

Code example

The complete application code and a ready-to-use project are available through the NECTO Studio Package Manager for direct installation in the NECTO Studio. The application code can also be found on the MIKROE GitHub account.

/*!
 * \file 
 * \brief Index Counter Click example
 * 
 * # Description
 * This application enables usage of Index counter Click board which can be used to measure rotational speed.
 * 
 *
 * The demo application is composed of two sections :
 * 
 * ## Application Init 
 * Initilaziation of GPIO and write log.
 * 
 * ## Application Task  
 * This is an example which demonstrates the use of the Index Counter Click board.
 * This example shows the direction of movement, Rotations Per Minute ( RPM or speed )
 * of the three pairs of rotating poles positioned in the sensor operating range.
 * Results are being sent to the Usart Terminal where you can track their changes.
 * 
 * *note:* 
 * Additional Functions :
 *   - void log_display ( float rpm_val ) - The function displays all results
 *     and a float value with a comma with two decimal places.
 * 
 * \author MikroE Team
 *
 */
// ------------------------------------------------------------------- INCLUDES

#include "board.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "indexcounter.h"

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ VARIABLES

static indexcounter_t indexcounter;
static log_t logger;

uint8_t dir_state;
uint8_t speed_state;
uint8_t enable_speed = INDEXCOUNTER_SPEED_ENABLE;
uint8_t n_pole_pairs = 3;
uint32_t time_cnt = 0;
uint32_t pulse_ms;
uint32_t start_timer = 1;
float speed_rpm;

// ------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

void log_display ( float rpm_val )
{
    uint16_t disp_float;

    disp_float = ( uint16_t ) rpm_val;

    log_printf( &logger, " Direction :" );

    if ( dir_state == 0 )
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " Forward \r\n" );
    }
    else
    {
        log_printf( &logger, " Reverse \r\n" );
    }

    log_printf( &logger, " Speed     : %d.", disp_float );

    disp_float = ( uint16_t ) ( rpm_val * 100 );

    log_printf( &logger, "%d rpm\r\n", disp_float );

    log_printf( &logger, " Time      : %ld  ms \r\n", time_cnt );

    log_printf ( &logger, "-----------------------" );
}

// ------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

void application_init ( void )
{
    log_cfg_t log_cfg;
    indexcounter_cfg_t cfg;

    /** 
     * Logger initialization.
     * Default baud rate: 115200
     * Default log level: LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
     * @note If USB_UART_RX and USB_UART_TX 
     * are defined as HAL_PIN_NC, you will 
     * need to define them manually for log to work. 
     * See @b LOG_MAP_USB_UART macro definition for detailed explanation.
     */
    LOG_MAP_USB_UART( log_cfg );
    log_init( &logger, &log_cfg );
    log_info(&logger, "---- Application Init ----");

    //  Click initialization.

    indexcounter_cfg_setup( &cfg );
    INDEXCOUNTER_MAP_MIKROBUS( cfg, MIKROBUS_1 );
    indexcounter_init( &indexcounter, &cfg );
}

void application_task ( void )
{
    //  Task implementation.

    speed_state = indexcounter_get_speed( &indexcounter );
    dir_state = indexcounter_get_dir( &indexcounter );

    if ( enable_speed && speed_state )
    {
        pulse_ms = time_cnt - start_timer;
        start_timer = time_cnt;
        speed_rpm = INDEXCOUNTER_ONE_MIN_CONV_MS / ( pulse_ms * n_pole_pairs );
        enable_speed = INDEXCOUNTER_SPEED_DISABLE;

        log_display ( speed_rpm );
    }

    if ( ( !enable_speed ) && ( !speed_state ) )
    {
        enable_speed = INDEXCOUNTER_SPEED_ENABLE;
    }

    Delay_1ms();
    time_cnt++;
}

int main ( void ) 
{
    /* Do not remove this line or clock might not be set correctly. */
    #ifdef PREINIT_SUPPORTED
    preinit();
    #endif
    
    application_init( );
    
    for ( ; ; ) 
    {
        application_task( );
    }

    return 0;
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ END

Additional Support

Resources

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